Immune response to microbes

Question 0

C3b is teh major complement protein that activates?

Answer 0

opsonization

Question 1

C3a and C5a activate?

Answer 1

mast cells

Question 2

the major chemotaxic complement protein is?

Answer 2

C5a

Question 3

CRP (C-reactive protein) bind to this at the primary infection stage

Answer 3

bacterial coat polysaccharides

Question 4

chemokines …..attract neutrophils to the site of infection

Answer 4

IL-8/ CXCL8

Question 5

Th2 activates a B cell to convert to plasma form to secrete IgM, clonal expansion, isotype switching to specific antigen. with the use of?

Answer 5

IL-12

Question 6

plasma cells stay in the lymph node after infection and the memory B cells migrate to?

Answer 6

bone marrow.

Question 7

Diphtheria toxin mechanism of action is to?

Answer 7

shut down protein synthesis in infected cells

Question 8

Cholera toxin

Answer 8

ion/water trasnport

Question 9

tetanus toxin

Answer 9

inhibits neuromuscular transmission

Question 10

Diphtheria, Cholera, and Tetanus toxins are types of?

Answer 10

Exotoxins

Question 11

Endotoxins (LPS) of gram negative bacteria is a major activator of?

Answer 11

macrophages, DC’s, and endothelial cells

Question 12

pathogenicity of EC bacteria has two principal mechanisms

Answer 12

inflammation and toxin production

Question 13

Exotoxins are associated with this type of cellular damage?

Answer 13

Collateral damage

Question 14

Peptidoglycans from Gram + and LPS from Gram - can activate which pathway?

Answer 14

independent alternate pathway

Question 15

bacteria that express mannose on their surface can activate?

Answer 15

the lectin pathway

Question 16

MAC can be inhibited by?

Answer 16

CD59-the MAC inhibitory protein and the fluid phase vitronectin and S protein

Question 17

Anaphylatoxins are potent proinflammatory molecules generated by the cleavage of?

Answer 17

C4, C3, and C5 into C3a, C5a, and C4a

Question 18

Scavenger receptors respond to?

Answer 18

negative charges to promote phagocytosis

Question 19

**CD14 is the coreceptor for?

Answer 19

TLR4 for recognition of LPS

Question 20

Caspase 1released to the EC environment

Answer 20

IL-1beta….

Question 21

killing of microbes inside a phagolysosome is by?

Answer 21

ROS or NO from arginine derivative and through phagocyte oxidase

Question 22

pathogens can defend themselves by producing

Answer 22

Catalase-to convert ROS/RNS to less harmful compounds

Question 23

Humoral immunity is the prinicial

Answer 23

polysacc…..

Question 24

genetic defects in TH17 development and patients who make neutralizing auto-abs specific for IL-17 are?

Answer 24

susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections with a formation of skin abscesses.

Question 25

IFN-gamma

Answer 25

IgG

Question 26

IL-18 induces activation of?

Answer 26

IFN-gamma which in turn further activates macrophages

Question 27

mediators of septic shock

Answer 27

…….

Question 28

the major mechanism used by bacteria to evade humoral immunity is?

Answer 28

variation of surface antigens

Question 29

Naive B cells acquiring viral particles on IgM or IgD process and present viral peptides to?

Answer 29

Th2 cells

Question 30

Th1 become a major source of? in viral infections

Answer 30

IL-2 and TFN-gamma for CTL’s