Immune response to microbes Flashcards

0
Q

C3b is teh major complement protein that activates?

A

opsonization

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1
Q

C3a and C5a activate?

A

mast cells

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2
Q

the major chemotaxic complement protein is?

A

C5a

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3
Q

CRP (C-reactive protein) bind to this at the primary infection stage

A

bacterial coat polysaccharides

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4
Q

chemokines …..attract neutrophils to the site of infection

A

IL-8/ CXCL8

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5
Q

Th2 activates a B cell to convert to plasma form to secrete IgM, clonal expansion, isotype switching to specific antigen. with the use of?

A

IL-12

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6
Q

plasma cells stay in the lymph node after infection and the memory B cells migrate to?

A

bone marrow.

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7
Q

Diphtheria toxin mechanism of action is to?

A

shut down protein synthesis in infected cells

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8
Q

Cholera toxin

A

ion/water trasnport

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9
Q

tetanus toxin

A

inhibits neuromuscular transmission

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10
Q

Diphtheria, Cholera, and Tetanus toxins are types of?

A

Exotoxins

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11
Q

Endotoxins (LPS) of gram negative bacteria is a major activator of?

A

macrophages, DC’s, and endothelial cells

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12
Q

pathogenicity of EC bacteria has two principal mechanisms

A

inflammation and toxin production

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13
Q

Exotoxins are associated with this type of cellular damage?

A

Collateral damage

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14
Q

Peptidoglycans from Gram + and LPS from Gram - can activate which pathway?

A

independent alternate pathway

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15
Q

bacteria that express mannose on their surface can activate?

A

the lectin pathway

16
Q

MAC can be inhibited by?

A

CD59-the MAC inhibitory protein and the fluid phase vitronectin and S protein

17
Q

Anaphylatoxins are potent proinflammatory molecules generated by the cleavage of?

A

C4, C3, and C5 into C3a, C5a, and C4a

18
Q

Scavenger receptors respond to?

A

negative charges to promote phagocytosis

19
Q

**CD14 is the coreceptor for?

A

TLR4 for recognition of LPS

20
Q

Caspase 1released to the EC environment

A

IL-1beta….

21
Q

killing of microbes inside a phagolysosome is by?

A

ROS or NO from arginine derivative and through phagocyte oxidase

22
Q

pathogens can defend themselves by producing

A

Catalase-to convert ROS/RNS to less harmful compounds

23
Q

Humoral immunity is the prinicial

A

polysacc…..

24
genetic defects in TH17 development and patients who make neutralizing auto-abs specific for IL-17 are?
susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections with a formation of skin abscesses.
25
IFN-gamma
IgG
26
IL-18 induces activation of?
IFN-gamma which in turn further activates macrophages
27
mediators of septic shock
.......
28
the major mechanism used by bacteria to evade humoral immunity is?
variation of surface antigens
29
Naive B cells acquiring viral particles on IgM or IgD process and present viral peptides to?
Th2 cells
30
Th1 become a major source of? in viral infections
IL-2 and TFN-gamma for CTL's