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immunology > Final Immuno-Allergy > Flashcards

Final Immuno-Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

the propensity for developing immediate hypersensitivity reactions to common environmental allergens

A

Atopy

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2
Q

major Ig antibody in allergic reactions

A

IgE

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3
Q

antigens with little or no intrinsic toxicity that elicit an immune response

A

Allergens

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4
Q

in allergic reactions today, the main focus has shifted to the role of?

A

Innate immune mechanisms

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5
Q

Allergens are a diverse group of these molecules

A

proteins and glycoproteins

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6
Q

the innate immune system is activated in response to allergens by?

A

intrinsic enzymatic activity and recognition of PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)

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7
Q

Th2 response is important in allergic reactions? T or F?

A

True

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8
Q

Asthma is associated with?

A

Indoor allergens

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9
Q

Allergic Rhinitis is associated with?

A

outdoor allergens

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10
Q

allergens have what kind of enzymatic activity?

A

protease- important property that has a role in crossing mucosal barriers

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11
Q

What are the four factors leading to Atopy in Th2 mediated allergic inflammation?

A
  1. Genetic factors (specific HLA alleles, Polymorphisms)
  2. Environmental factors (hygiene, diet, vaccination, antibiotics)
  3. Defects in target organs (skin, gut, bronchial epithelium)
  4. Triggering agents (pathogens, tobacco, pollutant)
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12
Q

presence of older siblings, early exposure to day care, TB, measles, Hep A, and rural environment are all factors that favor this phenotype in Protective immunity

A

Th1

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13
Q

Widespread use of Antibiotics, western lifestyle, urban environment, diet, sensitization to house allergens are factors that favor this type of phenotype in allergic diseases that include Asthma

A

Th2

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14
Q

tendency to allergic reactions has a?

A

strong heritability (Atopy)

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15
Q

Atopy is most easily defined as the presence of____ to an allergen

A

Type I hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Polymorphisms in genes involve?

A

IL-4 gene, HLA-DR alleles, CD14, and the beta chain of the high affintiy receptor for IgE (FceRIB)

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17
Q

CD14 constitutes part of the receptor for ___ and has a role in promote hypersensitivity

A

bacterial cell wall LPS

18
Q

studies on HLA show that IgE and IgG hypersensitivity to ragweed antigens is associated with?

19
Q

in monozygotic identical twins, concordance for Asthma is only 20% suggesting another factor more importantly involved?

A

Environmental

20
Q

high levels of IgE in cord blood can predict the future development of?

A

Atopic tendencies during fetal or infant life

21
Q

What is the cause of increasing prevalence of allergies?

A

excessive hygiene, environmental changes, and life style changes (diet)

22
Q

a shift from Th1 to Th2 type of immunity and decreasing number or activity of T reg cells can best be explained by the?

A

Hygiene hypothesis

23
Q

the increased incidence of allergy is associated with the decrease in exposure to common infections during early life is best explained by?

A

Hygiene Hypothesis

24
Q

a Th2 type bias is shown in?

A

Neonatal immune system

25
Q

development of atopic (Th2 type) phenotype in a child can be prevented by the

A

Th1 type response

26
Q

infections in childhood causing Th1 type responses from Viruses and intracellular bacteria can be restored by the?

A

Th1-Th2 balance

27
Q

what can limit the development of unrelated allergen-mediated disease?

A

increasing the number of T regulatory cells

28
Q

insect venoms, drugs, and foods that cause IgE production on basophils AND mast cells resulting from edema, bronchoconstriction, vascular collapse, and death.

A

Anaphylaxis

29
Q

Asthma, hay fever, and food allergies are associated with which effectors?

A

IgE on Mast cells and Th2 cells

30
Q

Major site of maturation for mast cells

A

Connective tissue

31
Q

major site of maturation for Basophils and Eosinophils

A

bone marrow

32
Q

Major basic protein in helminthic infections are secreted by?

A

Eosinophils

33
Q

major development cytokine for Mast cells and Basophils

34
Q

Major developmental cytokine for Eosinophil

35
Q

Histamine is a granule released during allergic reactions by?

A

Mast Cells and Basophils

36
Q

Expression of FcRI is low in which cells?

A

Eosinophils

37
Q

histamine, bradykinin, and leukotrienes are the most important in

A

allergic inflammation….

38
Q

proteases activate.,……

39
Q

Airway hyper-responsiveness

40
Q

indicated for disorders in which IgE hypersensitivity is clearly confirmed

A

Desensitization tests-skin test and allergen specific IgE detection

41
Q

a shift away from the Th2 to Th1 producing CD4 cells results in the generation of cytokines (IFN-y) which are inhibitory to IgE production.

A

immune deviation

42
Q

key interleukins in Allergy are

A

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13

immunology (12 decks)

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