B cell production and activation part 1

Question 0

Germinal centers are structures located in ____ where several steps of T-?___ humoral immune response occurs

Answer 0

secondary lymphoid organs.

T-dependent

Question 1

this specialized type of helper T cell facilitates the formation of germinal centers

Answer 1

Follicular helper T cell.

Question 2

activated B cells differentiate into Ab-secreting plasma cells in which kind of T cell response?

Answer 2

T-cell dependent

Question 3

T-independent responses are elicited by engagement of ?

Answer 3

BCR

Question 4

isotype switching and affinity maturation are typically seen in?

Answer 4

Humoral immune responses to protein antigens.

Question 5

T-cell Dependent signals drive?

Answer 5

isotype switching and affinity maturation

Question 6

naive B cells are stimulated by Antigen to become activated and differentiate in Plasma cells that produce specific antibodies to the antigen in this immune response stage?

Answer 6

Primary

Question 7

this immune response is elicited when the same antigen stimulates memory B cells leading to a greater production of specific antibodies.

Answer 7

secondary

Question 8

Long-lived plasma cells are located in the?

Answer 8

bone marrow

Question 9

in primary response, which antibody usually has higher presence?

Answer 9

IgM

Question 10

in secondary response, which antibody is increased?

Answer 10

IgG. under certain conditions you can switch to IgA or IgE.

Question 11

T-independent responses to multivalent antigens are mediated mainly by?

Answer 11

Marginal zone B cells in the spleen and B-1 cells in mucosal sites.

Question 12

T-independent responses involve which type of antibody?

Answer 12

IgM from short-lived plasma cells

Question 13

T-dependent involves which type of antibody response?

Answer 13

isotype switching with high affinity antibodies from long-lived plasma cels

Question 14

large antigens are delivered by?

Answer 14

subcapsular sinus Macrophages or by DC’s in the splenic medulla

Question 15

small antigens are delivered to?

Answer 15

B cells in follicles through AFFerent lymphatics via conduits.

Question 16

VDJ recombination occurs ?

Answer 16

in the bone marrow. a primary lymphoid organ.

Question 17

follicular B cell survival depends on signals from?

Answer 17

BCR and cytokine BAFF (B cell activating factor from the TNF family)

Question 18

Myeloid cells produce ___ in lymphoid follicles in the bone marrow

Answer 18

BAFF

Question 19

BCR 1 initiates…

Answer 19

B cell activation process

Question 20

BCR 2 functions in?

Answer 20

internalizing bound Antigen into endosomal vesicles.

Question 21

how are B cells restricted?

Answer 21

…..

Question 22

B cell activation is facilitated by?

Answer 22

CR2-CD21 coreceptor on B cells

Question 23

non-microbial polysaccharides can activate complement which is one of the reasons that such antigens are able to?

Answer 23

induce antibody response without T cell help.

Question 24

naive B cells that are activated by antigen recognition can migrate from the follicle toward T cells as a result of the expression of?

Answer 24

CCR7

Question 25

in germinal centers, which events occur?

Answer 25

somatic maturation, affinity maturation, isotype switching, generation of memory B cells from long-lived plasma cells.

Question 26

B cell - T cell interaction in extrafollicular sites lead to isotype switching and short lived plasma cell generations which induce?

Answer 26

follicular helper T cells

Question 27

B cells can recognize

Answer 27

linear peptides that bind to conformational epitopes specific for the peptide antigen.

Question 28

helper T cells that are activated by antigen recognition presented by B cells express?

Answer 28

CD40L

Question 29

ABO blood group antigen is a type of polysaccharide that can

Answer 29

activate B cell antibody production without the help of T cells

Question 30

CD40L mutations are?

Answer 30

X-linked recessive involving only Males affected.

Question 31

in T-independent responses, which specialized T cells help?

Answer 31

Extrafollicular helper T cells.

Question 32

secondary follicles are located ____ and involve T-dependent cells

Answer 32

in germinal centers

Question 33

high affinity maturation occurs with?

Answer 33

T-dependent responses

Question 34

Bcl-6 is a type of B cell transcription factor associated with?

Answer 34

T-dependent responses.

Question 35

dark zones of germinal centers contain

Answer 35

proliferating B cells

Question 36

light zones of germinal centers contain?

Answer 36

follicular DC’s

Question 37

activated B cells migrate into the follicle expressing CCR7 and proliferate thus creating?

Answer 37

a Dark zone

Question 38

B cells in the dark zone undergo extensive?

Answer 38

isotype switching and somatic hypermutation of Ig V genes

Question 39

B cells with the highest affinity of Ig receptors are selected to survive to differentiate into?

Answer 39

plasma cells and memory cells

Question 40

plasma cells leave and reside where?

Answer 40

in the bone marrow as “long-lived plasma cells”

Question 41

memory B cells will enter the

Answer 41

recirculating lymphatics

Question 42

Follicular helper T cells express?

Answer 42

ICOS, PD-1, IL-21, and Bcl-6 which play important roles in activation of B cells.

Question 43

which cytokine is secreted by Tfh cells and is required for GC development and generation of plasma cells?

Answer 43

IL-21

Question 44

follicular helper T cells secrete IFN-gamma and IL-4 to control?

Answer 44

isotype switching