Immune and Haematological Tissues Flashcards
State the two adaptive immune cell types
B Lymphocyte
T Lymphocyte
State the seven innate immune cell types
Neutrophil Mast cell Eosinophil Basophil Dendritic cell Macrophage Natural Killer cells
Define “pathogen”
An organism that causes disease
How does the immune system protect against pathogens? What is the primary line of defence
Mucosal barriers are physical barriers, i.e. skin, respiratory tract, intestines
Does the innate immune system have memory? How long does it take to act
No, and within minutes
Does the adaptive immune system have memory? How long does it take to act
Yes, and it takes days to develop
State five major immunological tissues
Lymph nodes Thymus Spleen Peyer's Patch Bone marrow
Lymph nodes are connected by..?
Lymphatic vessels
Which immune cell is primarily used in the Innate Immune System? And what do they do and how do they recognise foreign material
It is mainly phagocytic cells, i.e. macrophages which scavenge / remove particulate material. It does this through recognition of PRRs and PAMPs
Give two examples of PRRs
Toll-like receptor
NOD like receptor
What are the two roles of Macrophages?
- Induction of inflammation via cytokines and chemokines
2. Phagocytosis of bacteria
Where are macrophages found?
In all tissues, including skin (first line of defence)
What are the most common white blood cell type?
Neutrophils
Which cells can induce recruitment of Neutrophils?
Macrophages
What are two roles of Neutrophils
- Release of cytokines and chemokines and induce inflammation
- Phagocytosis of bacteria
State the six sub developmental stages of Neutrophils?
- Myeloblast
- Progranulocyte
- Neutrophillic myelocyte
- Neutrophillic metamyelocyte
- Neutrophillic bands
- Neutrophil (segmented)
What are the five characteristics of inflammation?
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Which Innate immune cell stimulates the Adaptive immune response?
Dendritic cells
What are the antigen-specific receptors on B cells and T cells?
B cells: antibodies
T cells: T cell receptor
What is an antigen?
A molecule capable of inducing an immune response
What do TCRs only recognise?
Broken down proteins (peptides)
What do Antibodies recognise?
The 3D shape of an antigen
Dendritic cells are characterised in appearance by..?
Long dendritic processes
Once Dendritic cells are activated, where do they migrate to and from where?
Skin to Lymph nodes
State two pathological conditions underpinned by damaged lymphatic vessel networks
Surgical induced Lymphodema
Elephantiasis
Fluid move into lymph nodes via ______?
Afferent Lymphatic Vessels
Fluid moves out of lymph nodes via ________?
Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
How does a Dendritic cell induce an adaptive immune response?
- Activation of Tissue Dendritic cells
- Migration of DC to lymph nodes
- Activation of antigen specific T Helper cells
The spleen has two tissue types or “pulps” - what are they called
Red pulp
White pulp
