illeum jeujnum and kalin bagirsak Flashcards
what is the longest part of the GI? how long?
ince barsaklar….5-7 m
What functions do the ince barskalar play
sindirim and emilim
The GI awards-dudoenum( 4 awards)
En kısa (25 cm)
En fikse—because all of it is not covered by meso
En kalın duvarlı
En geniş bölümüdür.
The GI awards-illeum ve jejunum( 3 awards)
En uzun (5-6 m)
En hareketli,
En kıvrımlı bölümüdür.
What are the segments of kalin barsak
Caecum
Kolonlar
Çıkan kolon
(colon ascendens)
Transvers kolon
(colon transversum)
İnen kolon
(colon ascendens)
Sigmoid kolon
(colon sigmoideum)
Rectum
what is the jeuunum illeum proportion
2/5 Jejunum
3/5 Ileum
shape and length of the kalin barsak
Caecum’dan anus’e kadar uzanır
~1.5-2 m
Ters U
Kalin barsak function
Na ve su emilimi
İleti, depolama..
Describe caecum
*Kalın barsakların ilk bolum ve en geniş bölümüdür.
*The longitudinal muscle arrangement of both the cecum and colon is distinct. It contains three muscular bands called teniae coli. When the teniae coli contract, the cecum and colon are shortened
What is ostium illeale and where is it found
*The ileal orifice sits on the ileal papilla
*It is located roughly on the border between the upper medial edge of the cecum and the ascending colon.
*Ostium ileale allows chyme to pass from the ileum to enter the cecum. The valve structure also serves to prevent retrograde movement of material back into the ileum
What is appendix verminormias
The appendix is a dead-end appendage that projects out from the posterior cecum below the ileocolic junction.
is a vestigial organ that no longer serves the evolutionary role of digestion it plays in herbivores.
Kolonun kisimlar
Çıkan Kolon (colon ascendens)
Flexura coli dextra
Enine Kolon (colon transversum)
Mesocolon transversum
Flexura coli sinistra
İnen Kolon (colon descendens)
Sigmoid Kolon (colon sigmoideum)
S şeklinde
Pelvisde rectum ile devam eder
Rectum neyi delerek canalis analis olarak devam eder?
Pelvis döşemesini deler,
Ampulla recti nedir
The rectal ampulla (is the narrowing part of the rectum at the anus and rectum
it is quite stretchable and serves as a reservoir during defecation.
Canalis analis ne zaman acilir
Sadece defekasyon sırasında açılır
Canalis analis nerden nereye
Rectum’dan anus’a
Hangi anal kas istemli, ve hangi istemsiz
M.sphincter ani internus (iç anal sfinkter) (istemsiz)
M.sphincter ani externus (dış anal sfinkter) (istemli)
Canalis Analis’in mukozasi
Columnae anales
Valvulae anales
Sinus anales
Linea pectinata
Zona haemorrhoidalis
Pecten analis
Linea anocutanea
Zona cutanea
Anal bolgedeki kaslar ve fonksiyonalr
M. sphincter ani internus-tonically contracts anus for continence, and relaxes for the purpose of defecation as a response to defecation reflex
M. sphincter ani externus-elaxes during defecation, under out control
M.puborectalis-supports pelvic cavity components, relaxes during defecation ve bosaltmasina sebep olur, rectumun acilmasina sebep olur
Longitudinal band (kas)
Canalis analisin sinirleri
N. splanchnici pelvici(parasempatik s2-s4–helps defecation)
Plexus hypogastricus inferior (sempatik+parasempatik(from n. sphlanchnic pelvi
N. rectalis inferior (from pudenalis nerve, innervates m.sfinkter externus)
Defecation steps
A. Fecal Storage (Resting State)
The rectum remains empty due to the sharp anorectal angle (~80°) created by the puborectalis muscle.
The internal anal sphincter (IAS) is tonically contracted, preventing involuntary leakage.
B. Initiation of Defecation Reflex
As the rectum fills, stretch receptors in the rectal wall are stimulated.
This triggers the defecation reflex, mediated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4, parasympathetic system).
The rectum contracts and the internal anal sphincter relaxes.
C. Voluntary Control & Defecation
The external anal sphincter (EAS), controlled by the pudendal nerve (S2-S4, somatic control), allows voluntary delay or initiation of defecation.
When defecation is appropriate, the EAS relaxes, and the puborectalis muscle also relaxes, straightening the anorectal angle.
Abdominal and diaphragm muscles contract to increase intra-abdominal pressure, aiding in fecal expulsion (Valsalva maneuver).
Parasimpatik
Lobulus paracentralis
ANOREKTAL BÖLGEDEKİ PATOLOJİLER
Anal inkontinans
Rektal prolapsus
Anal apse
Anal fistül
Anal fissür
Hemoroidler
ic vs dis rektal proplapsus
ic-Rektumun iç yüzeyinin kendi içine doğru katlanması (mukozal veya tam kat prolapsus)
dis-Rektumun anal kanaldan tamamen dışarı çıkması
perianal apse nedir
Perianal apse, anüs çevresindeki kript bezlerinin enfekte olması sonucu gelişen irin dolu, ağrılı bir şişliktir. Bu apseler genellikle anal fistüllerin öncüsü olabilir.
anal fistul nedir ve sinfilamasi
anal fistül, anal kanal ile perianal cilt arasında anormal bir kanal (tünel) oluşumudur. Genellikle perianal apse sonrası gelişir ve sürekli veya tekrarlayan akıntı, ağrı ve enfeksiyona neden olabilir.
a. superficial fistula
b. intersphinteric fistula
c. transsphintheric fistula
d.supraspincteric fitula
e. extrasphincteric fistula
What are hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed vascular structures in the anal canal. They are classified as internal or external based on their location relative to the dentate (pectinate) line.
ic hemorrhoids vs dis hemorrhoids
IC-Above the dentate (pectinate) line
-Superior rectal vein (from inferior mesenteric vein)
-painless (visceral innervation)
-Bright red blood, painless rectal bleeding
-May prolapse (classified by degree)
DIS- Below the dentate line
-Inferior rectal vein (from internal pudendal vein)
-May have bleeding if ulcerated
-painful(somatic innervation)
-Usually remain as external lumps
prostate examination
1.Inspect the perianal region for fissures, hemorrhoids, or skin lesions.
2. Insert a lubricated gloved index finger into the rectum gently, asking the patient to relax.
3. Palpate the prostate gland:
Normal: Firm, smooth, symmetrical, nontender, ~3 cm
BPH: Enlarged, rubbery, symmetrical, non-tender
Prostatitis: Boggy, tender, warm, swollen
Prostate Cancer: Hard, nodular, asymmetrical, irregular borders
4. Check for tenderness, masses, or induration.
5. Assess sphincter tone and rectal wall abnormalities.
6. Withdraw the finger and assess stool for blood (if suspected GI bleeding).
WHich part of the brain controls defecation, urination and blushing?
Lobulus paracentralis
