III-5

Question 1

价格弹性在实际商家的运用

Answer 1

弹性大，降价

弹性小，提价

Question 2

在图表中分析替代效应和收入效应

Answer 2

Question 3

几种现象是over/under production

1. external cost
2. external benefit
3. public goods
4. common goods

Answer 3

1. over. 环境污染
2. under. 技术外溢
3. under. 国防
4. over. 捕鱼业

Question 4

劣等品的替代效应和收入效应(chart)

Answer 4

Question 5

wine lover or bread lover

Answer 5

Smith is the wine lover

Warren is the bread lover

Question 6

two-part tarrif pricing

Answer 6

seller lower the price in order to get consumer buy more, but only leave them with sustitution effect and take away all income effect by charging a membership/fixed fee.

Question 7

stable/unstable equilibrium

Answer 7

供给曲线斜率为负，且比需求曲线更平缓时，价格会远离均衡点反向移动

Question 8

影响自身价格弹性的因素

Answer 8

是否有相近替代品

开支占预算比例

time period（长短期）结合替代性

Question 9

美国国债的几种形式

Answer 9

《1年， T-bill

1-10年，T-note

>10年，T-bond

Question 10

Giffen goods

Veblen goods

相同与不同

Answer 10

不同之一：Giffen 劣质品，Veblen普通商品

不同之二：G有理论支持，V无理论，系观察得出

相同：两者都是正斜率取钱

Question 11

cross-price elasticity of demand equation

Answer 11

e>0, substitute

e<0, complement

Question 12

demande curve由来的基础

Answer 12

consumer preference (willingness)

+

budget constrain(ability)

Question 13

3 axioms of the Consumer Choice Theory

Answer 13

complete preferences

transitive preference

non-satiation

Question 14

perfectly elastic/inelastic 曲线模样

Answer 14

perfectly elastic : vertical

perfectly inelastic : horizonal

Question 15

替代效应 概念

Answer 15

一种商品价格下降时，消费者更多购买这种商品，减少对价格不变的商品的消费

Question 16

law of demand

Answer 16

when price falls, quantity demanded rises.

Question 17

解释：MRS_BW

Answer 17

一单位B用多少W来换

B自变，W因变

Question 18

收入效应

Answer 18

一种商品价格下降时，消费者用未花完的收入来购买那些价格下降的商品。

Question 19

income elasticity of demand - equation

Answer 19

e>0, normal good

0-1, necessities

>1, luxuries

e<0, inferior good

Question 20

供给/需求曲线加税时，谁承担的负税重？

Answer 20

谁曲线更陡，弹性更大，议价能力更好，承担负税越少

Question 21

所有商品的替代效应都是正的吗？

Answer 21

正确