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MSS-IHL Exam 1 > IHL I - Overview of the Immune System > Flashcards

IHL I - Overview of the Immune System Flashcards

0
Q

adaptive immunity

A

antigen-specific lymphocytes to antigen (memory)

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1
Q

immune

A

state of being resistant

previous exposure (adaptive)

inherent trait (innate)

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2
Q

innate immunity

A

mechanisms prior to host exposure to antigen

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3
Q

4 main tasks of immune system

A

1 recognition
2 contain and eliminate (effector task) - clonal expansion
3 immune regulation - after response, need to return homeostasis
4 memory

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4
Q

principal components of innate immunity

A

barriers, defensins, cells, blood proteins, cytokines

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5
Q

innate immunity

A

aka natural, inheret, non-specific immunity

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6
Q

adaptive immunity

A

develop as a response to infection and adapts to the infection

secondary response is more rigorous

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7
Q

specific immunity

A

aka adaptive and acquired immunity

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8
Q

humoral immunity

A

extracellular microbes

B lymphocytes - antibody products

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9
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T lymphocytes

helper - activate macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbe

cytotoxic - kill infected cells

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10
Q

helper T cells

A

activate macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes

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11
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

kill infected cells

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12
Q

cardinal features of adaptive immunity

A

specificity, diversity, memory, clonal expansion, specialization, contraction and homeostasis, nonreactivity to self

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13
Q

specificity

A

highly specific to antigens

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14
Q

B cells

A

extracellular antigens (soluble)

proteins, polysaccharide, lipid

accessible, hydrophilic, mobile peptides

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15
Q

T cells

A

need antigen displayed (HLA)

mostly proteins, some lipids presented

internal linear peptides produced by processing of antigen

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16
Q

diversity

A

huge diversity of possible antibodies

between V, D, and J gene and segment

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17
Q

clonal selection

A

lymphocyte precursors in the bone marrow
-for both B and T cells

antigen-specific clones are selected by antigens

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18
Q

contraction and memory

A

need immune response to return to homeostasis

-also need to form memory

19
Q

nonreactivity to self

A

T cells responsive to self are destroyed

20
Q

active immunity

A

have to have been exposed to antigen previously

21
Q

passive immunity

A

take antibodies from one individual and administer them to another

ex/ someone with infection who has never been vaccinated (or it is unknown) you can inject tetanus antibodies to protect patient

22
Q

natural immunity

A

active and passive

ex/ passive - mother antibodies cross placenta to baby

23
Q

artificial

A

active (ex/ vaccination)

passive (ex/ serotherapy - monoclonal antibodies)

24
Q

primary response

A

takes about 2 weeks to respond

first exposure

25
Q

secondary response

A

much faster and is much stronger of a reaction

26
Q

IL-3

A

secreted by T cells

stimulates differentation of pluripotent stem cell to lymphoid and myeloid progenitor

27
Q

descendents of lymphoid progenitor

A

NK cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes

28
Q

descendants of myeloid progenitor?

A

erythrocytes, platelets, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes

29
Q

IL-7

A

secreted by bone marrow stromal cells and fibroblasts

necessary for commitment to the lymphoid lineage

survival of T cells

30
Q

neutrophils

A

ploys, PMN cells

within a few hours

highly phagocytic

31
Q

macrophages

A

M (mew)

monocytes in blood, mature in tissue

later response, but survive longer

32
Q

NK cells

A

recognized infected, stressed, malignant cells

kill them

33
Q

dendritic cells

A

pick up antigen and process

bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

34
Q

B lymphocytes

A

extracellular antigen recognition

35
Q

helper T lymphocyte

A

activate macrophage with a phagocytosed microbe

36
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

kill infected cells

37
Q

regulatory T lymphocyte

A

suppression of immune response

38
Q

natural killer cell

A

kill infected cell indiscriminately

39
Q

location of B lymphocytes

A

bone marrow

40
Q

location of T lymphocytes

A

thymus

41
Q

innocuous antigen

A

allergy

not pathogen, but body elicits immune response

42
Q

hypersensitivity

A

immune response to an innocuous antigen

43
Q

autoimmunity

A

body reacts to self

44
Q

complement

A

part of innate immunity

45
Q

cells of innate immunity

A

phagocytes and natural killer cells

phagocytes = neutrophils and macrophages

46
Q

immunological tolerance

A

non-reactivity to self

MSS-IHL Exam 1 (13 decks)

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