IHL I - Innate Immunity

Question 0

receptors for innate immunity

Answer 0

no recombination

Question 1

innate immunity

Answer 1

has no memory!

Question 2

nonclonal

Answer 2

identical receptor on all cells

Question 3

neutrophils

Answer 3

primary responder

phagocytic

shortlived

granular

aka PMNs

component of PUS

Question 4

whats in granules in neutrophils

Answer 4

lysozyme
collagenase
elastase
defensin
cathelicidins

Question 5

C’

Answer 5

complement abbreviation

Question 6

receptors on neutrophils

Answer 6

IFN-gamma
chemokines
TLRs
C'
mannose
scavenger
FcR IgG

Question 7

macrophage

Answer 7

mature in the tissues

2 types
resident
inflammatory

phagocytic

large, granular, amoeboid, long lived in tissues

Question 8

activated macrophage?

Answer 8

phagocytosis
opsonization
ROS
iNOS
cytokines
growth factors

Question 9

resident macrophages

Answer 9

live in tissues permanently

surveillance of tissues

Question 10

kupffer

Answer 10

liver macrophages

Question 11

osteoclast

Answer 11

macrophage in bone

Question 12

recruited macrophage types

Answer 12

**inflammatory

antigen non-specific
alternatively antigen
classically antigen activated - migrates to sites of inflammation**

Question 13

microglia

Answer 13

macrophage in CNS

Question 14

natural killer cells

Answer 14

lymphoid progenitor cells

recognized bad cells and kill them

secrete IFN-gamma - activate macrophages
activated by IL-12 (From macrophages)

inhibitory receptor class I MHC

Question 15

IFN -gamma

Answer 15

activates macrophages

secreted by NK cells

Question 16

granzymes and performins

Answer 16

released by NK cells that lead to apoptosis

Question 17

main antiviral defense?

Answer 17

type 1 IFN and NK cells

Question 18

cooperativity between NK cell and macrophage

Answer 18

IL-12 activates NK cells (from macrophage)

IFN-gamma activates macrophages ) from NK cells

Question 19

receptors on NK cells

Answer 19

activating and inhibiting receptor

normal cells constitutively have activating ligand and inhibiting ligand

viruses downregulate the class I MHC negative (inhibiting ligand)

Question 20

mast cells

Answer 20

granules of histamine

two types:
tissue
mucosal

resident in tissue
-disruption releases lots of stuff

Question 21

eosinophils

Answer 21

differentiate in response to IL-5

combat multicellular parasites (not many in the US)

like mast cells

Question 22

dendritic cells

Answer 22

APCs (antigen presenting cells)

at first phagocytose, then antigen presenting

two types:

- conventional
- plasmacytoid

bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

Question 23

epithelia

Answer 23

physical barrier stratified squamous with the tight junction

have flora that are actually defensive

intraepithelial lymphocytes

produce antibiotics - defensins

Question 24

mucosal surfaces

Answer 24

rapid pH changes

mucus traps thing - cilia move it out

have normal flora

Question 25

defensins

Answer 25

very small <100 AAs

positive charge

beta sheets - 6 disulphide bonds

Question 26

antimicrobial activity of defensins

Answer 26

gram - and + bacteria
parasites
fungi
viruses

produced by neutrophils, lymphocytes, paneth cells, epithelial cells, keratinocytes

Question 27

cathelicidins

Answer 27

similar to the defensins

Question 28

PAMPs

Answer 28

structure shared by microbes
not present on self

things that the pathogen cannot mutate without killing themself

Question 29

DAMPs

Answer 29

damage associated molecular patterns

released by stressed cells

Question 30

TLRs

Answer 30

toll like receptors

signaling through NF-kB

upregulate: TNF, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12

Question 31

NOD receptors

Answer 31

intracellular TLRs

involved in inflammasome

Question 32

innate immune evasion

Answer 32

bacteria have found ways to evade our immune response

Question 33

omphalitis

Answer 33

umbilical stump inflammation

Question 34

rebuck skin window

Answer 34

scrape skin

put cover slip on

look for neutrophils and macrophages

Question 35

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Answer 35

negative rebuck skin test

Question 36

three process of acute inflammatory response

Answer 36

vasodilation
increased vascular permeability
emigration of leukocyte from blood into damaged areas

Question 37

edema

Answer 37

brings plasma proteins to the damaged area

clotting, fibrinolytic, C’, kinins

Question 38

LAD

Answer 38

leukocyte adhesion deficieny

autosomal recessive