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MSS-IHL Exam 1 > IHL I - Morphology and Function: Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

IHL I - Morphology and Function: Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

0
Q

humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes

produce and secrete antibodies

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1
Q

reticular cells

A

produce reticular fibers (type III)

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2
Q

cellular immunity

A

T lymphocytes

produce T cell receptors

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3
Q

immunoglobulin

A

antibody

highly specific

created by B lymphocytes

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4
Q

lymphocyte source?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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5
Q

location of B lymphocytes

A

in bone marrow

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6
Q

location of T cells

A

thymus

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7
Q

location of progenitor cells for lymphocytes?

A

bone marrow

maturation occurs in primary lymphoid organs
-bone marrow and thymus

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8
Q

staining and lymphocytes?

A

need special staining

cannot distinguish lymphocytes without staining

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9
Q

immunoblast

A

B cell activated by antigen

goes on to proliferate (immunoblast)
-becomes plasma cells or memory cells

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10
Q

plasma cell

A

produces the antibodies

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11
Q

what do T cells produce?

A

specific T cell receptors

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12
Q

cell turnover of lymphocytes?

A

10’6 - 10’7 cells turned over daily

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13
Q

how many cells for each antigen?

A

20 cells in body for each specific antigen

**these are then activated and produced by the thousands

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14
Q

un-encapsulated lymphoid tissue

A

diffuse and nodular infiltrations

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15
Q

lymph nodule

A

collection of lymphocytes

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16
Q

germinal center

A

present in secondary lymph nodules

**primary has no germinal center

**secondary nodule has the germinal center

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17
Q

diffuse lymphoid infiltrations

A

unencapsulated collection of lymphocytes

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18
Q

peyer’s patch

A

collection of nodules in the intestine

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19
Q

tonsils

A

collections of lymphocytes in orpoharynx

in the tonsillar ring:

- palatine tonsils
- pharyngeal tonsils
- lingual tonsils

**partially capsulated

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20
Q

waldeyer’s ring

A

tonsillar ring

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21
Q

adenoids

A

pharyngeal tonsils

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22
Q

palatine tonsils

A

underlie stratified squamous non-keratinized cells

possess epithelial crypts

- deep chasms going down
- bc lymphocytes have proliferated
- have greater surface area
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23
Q

pharyngeal tonsils

A

adenoids

associated with the nose

less crypted

underlie resporatory epithlium

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24
Q

collagen type III (reticular fibers)

A

associated with the lymphoid tissue

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25
Q

lymphoid tonsils

A

underlie stratified squamous epithelial

no crypts

distinguish between palatine tonsils no glands

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26
Q

lymph nodes

A

encapsulated lymphoid tissue

27
Q

hilum

A

singular entry of blood supply to an organ

28
Q

lymph

A

excess intercellular fluid

can’t be absorbed into normal circulation

29
Q

afferent lymphatics

A

toward the lymph node

-enter at the capsule

30
Q

two divisions of the lymph node

A

cortex (outer) and medulla (inner)

31
Q

subcapsular sinus

A

under the capsule of lymph node

where the afferent lymph dumps

32
Q

trabecular sinuses

A

run along the trabeculae of lymph nodes

**mostly in cortex

33
Q

medullary cords

A

lots of B lymphocytes and plasma cells

34
Q

deep cortex

A

aka paracortex

area of cortical tissue that is not nodular in lymph node

lots of T lymphocytes

35
Q

location of B lymphocytes in lymph node?

A

nodules

36
Q

HEVs

A

high endothelial venules

in the deep cortex

where cells transit in and out of lymphatic tissues
-looser tight junctions

37
Q

spleen function?

A

1 filters blood
2 generates antibodies (plasma cells)
3 salvage of iron from old RBCs (macrophage)
4 blood reservoir
5 erythropoiesis in fetus (3rd-4th month)

38
Q

fibromuscular capsule

A

around the spleen

allow it to contract and squeeze out RBCs

39
Q

splenic structure

A

fibro-muscular capsule

no afferent**

has hilus with splenic artery and vein and efferent lymphatic

40
Q

red pulp

A

large concentration of RBCs

41
Q

white pulp

A

large concentration of white blood cells

  • *does have a nodular structure
    • with a germinal center
42
Q

PALs

A

peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheath

T cell sheath surrounds central arteries

43
Q

three types of capillaries

A

continuous

fenestrated (little pores)

sinusoid - larger capillary

44
Q

splenic circulation?

A

has open circulation and closed

capillaries dump into tissue
better filtration

45
Q

pulp cords of billroth

A

splenic pulp cords

46
Q

thymus

A

has cortex and medulla

**doesn’t have nodules

medulla is continuous with all other medulla in thymus

47
Q

thymus cells?

A

prothymocytes - immature T lymphocyte

site of T cell maturation

48
Q

thymic epithelial cells

A

differ from reticular cells

no fiber formation**

49
Q

thymic circulation?

A

blood vessel enters and split at cortico-medullary junction

50
Q

blood-thymus barrier

A

thymus is site “immune education”
-teaching them to not respond to self

blood thymus barrier keeps the antigens from reaching maturing T cells

51
Q

formation of blood thymus barrier?

A

TECs and basal lamina (of endothelial)

52
Q

HEVs in the thymus

A

so only mature T cells leave the thymus

53
Q

hassals corpuscle

A

no real formalized function

often necrotic and calcified

produce TSLP (helps T cells mature - T regulatory cells)

only in the medulla

54
Q

thymic involution

A

as we age, the thymus lymphocytes number decreases

space replace by fats

this is why the immune system weakens with age

thymus

- greatest relative size in infancy
- greatest absolute size at puberty
55
Q

CD44

A

prothrombocytes express this to home them to the thymus

interact with CCL21 an CCL25

then mature in the thymus

56
Q

DN1

A

double negative

no CD4 or CD8 marker present

57
Q

DN2

A

gain CD25

58
Q

DN3

A

lose CD44

59
Q

DN4

A

lose CD25

60
Q

DP

A

become double positive when gain CD4 and CD8

**then lose one of these and become either CD4 or CD8 T cells

61
Q

immune education

A

first branches in the cortex

the immature cells that bind to TECs are allowed to survive
-positive selection

move to the medulla (when are DP cells)

- encounter macrophages and dendritic cells
- if they bind, will apoptose
- negative selection
62
Q

positive selection

A

in cortex

T lymphocytes that recognized the MCH of TECs will survive

other cells apoptose

63
Q

negative selection

A

DP cells go to medulla

macrophages and dendritic cells bind to DP cells
-causes cells to die

64
Q

HIV (AIDs)

A

infects and inactivates helper T cells

- binds CD4 at surface
- renders individual immunocompromised
65
Q

CD25

A

stays on T regulatory cells

-allow for inhibition of immune response

MSS-IHL Exam 1 (13 decks)

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