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MSS-IHL Exam 1 > IHL I - Intrinsic and Extrinsic Coagulation Pathways > Flashcards

IHL I - Intrinsic and Extrinsic Coagulation Pathways Flashcards

0
Q

thrombosis

A

results in a blood clot

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1
Q

hemostasis

A

maintain blood in a fluid state

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2
Q

endothelium

A

vascular

very important in hemostasis

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3
Q

what do endothelial cells produce?

A

NO, PGI2, and ADP

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4
Q

nitric oxide

A

vasodilator and anti-platelet effects

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5
Q

prostacyclin

A

vasodilator in lungs

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6
Q

ADP

A

adenosine diphosphate favor attachment of platelet to ECM

Adp (adenosine diphosphatase) - degrades ADP and inhibits the platelet adhesion

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7
Q

Adp

A

adenosine diphosphate

degrades ADP - and inhibits platelet adhesion

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8
Q

anti-coagulants of the endothelial cells?

A

heparin sulphate, thrombomodulin, proten S, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor

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9
Q

heparin sulfate

A

expressed by endothelial cells

hooks onto AT III (antithrombin III) and activates it

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10
Q

ATIII

A

inactivates thrombin, Xa, and IXa

factor 5 and factor 9**

makes sure coagulation does not occur where it shouldn’t

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11
Q

Thrombomodulin

A

expressed by endothelial cells

binds to thrombin and converts it to anticoagulant
-by activating protein C

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12
Q

Protein S

A

produced by endothelial cells

cofactor for protein C

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13
Q

TFPI

A

tissue factor pathway inhibitor

expressed by endothelial cells
inhibits factor VIIa and Xa

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14
Q

tissue type plasminogen activator

A

t-PA

synthesized by endothelial cells

activates plasminogen to plasmin

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15
Q

plasmin

A

degrades fibrin to FDP (fibrin degradation product)

dissolves thrombi

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16
Q

primary hemostasis

A

localized platelet is formed at site of endothelial injury site

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17
Q

secondary hemostasis

A

initial platelet plug is enlarged and fibrin is added

-coagulation starts

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18
Q

antithrombosis

A

clot formation must cease when it is formed

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19
Q

fibrinolysis

A

last major steop in hemostatis

remove the clot and restore normal blood flow
	fibrinolysis
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20
Q

what happens when endothelium is damages?

A

vasoconstriction and vasospasm

-vessel constriction - less blood flow, less blood loss

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21
Q

endothelin

A

vasoconstrictor released by injured endothelium

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22
Q

vWF

A

synthesized by the endothelial cells when injured

attaches to the exposed ECM of the injured endothelium

allow the platelets to stick to the site of injury

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23
Q

where does the vWF stick to?

A

the ECM that is exposed during injury of the endothelial cells

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24
Q

GpIb

A

glycoprotein on platelets that is receptor for vWF on the ECM of the injured sit

25
Q

what activates the platelet?

A

binding of the GpIb to vWF

causes the release of TX A2, delta granules, and alpha granule

26
Q

what is in delta granules

A

SAC

serotonin - vasoconstrictor
ADP platelet activator and aggregator
calcium - activates coag factor

27
Q

alpha granules

A

coagulating factors
fibrinogen
platelet derived growth factor

28
Q

primary hemostasis involves what?

A

vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion, aggregation, and secretion

29
Q

fibrinogen

A

binds platelets to one another via GpIIb/IIIa receptors

30
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low levels of platelets

31
Q

filopodia

A

extensions from platelets that allows for aggregation

32
Q

secondary hemostasis?

A

fibrin production

33
Q

fibrinogen

A

soluble form

34
Q

fibrin

A

insoluble form

35
Q

secondary hemostatic plug

A

fibrin has been present and it polymerizes causing a “cemented” plug

36
Q

to pathways to initiate coagulation?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic

37
Q

intrinsic pathway

A

clotting initiated from something in the blood

**calcium

38
Q

extrinsic pathway

A

clotting initiated by the tissues

**tissue factor

39
Q

what is the factor where the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge?

A

X (10)

40
Q

most important coagulation factor?

A

thrombin

41
Q

thrombin

A

when activated, converts the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin monomers that polymerize

42
Q

what stabilizes the polymer of fibrin?

A

XIIIa

43
Q

hageman factor

A

factor XII

initiates intrinsic pathway

> factor XI > factor IX

44
Q

intrinsic pathway

A

starts with factor XII > factor XI > factor IX

45
Q

tissue factor

A

initiates factor 7 (extrinsic pathway)

46
Q

Christmas factor

A

factor IX

47
Q

antihemophilic factor

A

factor VIII

48
Q

stuart factor

A

factor X

49
Q

what converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

A

thrombin

50
Q

prothrombinase

A

requires Ca2+

converts prothrombin to thrombin

51
Q

what is factor I?

A

fibrinogen

52
Q

what allows for the stabilized fibrin polymer?

A

factor XIII

Ca2+

53
Q

roles of thrombin?

A

converts fibrinogen to fibrin
activates leukocytes
induces platelet aggregation

54
Q

plasminogen

A

circulating protein converted by tPA to plasmin

55
Q

plasmin

A

enzymatic degradation of fibrin

t-PA converts circulating plasminogen to plasmin

56
Q

t-PA

A

secreted by endothelium

converts plasminogen to plasmin

57
Q

u-PA

A

secreted by kidney

also convert plasminogen to plasmin

58
Q

two pathological problems of thrombus?

A

vascular obstruction or embolism

59
Q

embolism

A

mobile clot

60
Q

what breaks down the fibrin clot?

A

plasmin

61
Q

what makes the fibrin from fibrinogen?

A

thrombin

MSS-IHL Exam 1 (13 decks)

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