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MSS-IHL Exam 1 > IHL I - Cytokines/Chemokines of Innate Immunity > Flashcards

IHL I - Cytokines/Chemokines of Innate Immunity Flashcards

0
Q

adaptive immunity

A

highly specific defense

**failure of this system can result in autoimmune disease

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1
Q

innate immunity

A

protective barriers

cytotoxic molecules

phagocytic cells

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2
Q

cytokines

A

peptides

chemical signals responding to environmental signal

involved in immune response

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3
Q

general properties of cytokines?

A

rapid secretion

self-limited secretion

redundant

pleiotrophic

activate and influence eachother

receptor-specific activation

feedback inhibited

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4
Q

type I cytokine receptor

A

hemopoietin receptors (EPO and TPO)

jak-stat

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5
Q

type II cytokine receptors

A

Jak-stat

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6
Q

IL-1 family receptors

A

toll-like / IL-1 receptor

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7
Q

TNF receptors

A

may induce apoptosis

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8
Q

Seven transmembrane alpha-helical receptors

A

GPCRs

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9
Q

three categories of cytokines

A

mediators of innate immunity

mediators of adaptive immunity

mediators of hematopoiesis

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10
Q

TNF

A

tumor necrosis factor

acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria

recruit neutrophils and monocytes

- induces expression of selectin and chemokines
- stimulates mononuclear phagocytes to produce IL-1
- stimulates microbicidal action of neutrophils and macrophages
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11
Q

IL-1

A

secreted by mononuclear IL-1

induced by TNF

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12
Q

selectin

A

exposed on endothelial cells

E and P

L selectins - on leukocytes

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13
Q

diapedesis

A

aka extravasation

movement of leukocytes into the inflamed tissue

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14
Q

monocytes

A

excreted and circulate in blood stream

will mature to macrophages in the tissue

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15
Q

negative affect of TNF?

A

can cause systemic complications
-septic shock

if in large quantities in the blood stream

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16
Q

effect of TNF in hypothalamus?

A

stimulates endogenous pyrogen

induces fever

**stimulates prostaglandin synthesis - inhibited by aspirin

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17
Q

affect of TNF on liver?

A

acute-phase response

increased synthesis of serum proteins C-reactive protein which functions in opsonization

18
Q

C-reaction protein

A

expressed in the hepatocytes

induced by TNF

result in opsonization

19
Q

endotoxin shock

A

aka septic shock

TNF inhibits myocardial contractility and vascular smooth tone
-in high quantities

TNF also stimulates tissue factor and inhibits thrombomodulin
-increases coagulation (thrombosis)

results in low blood glucose
-inhibiting production in liver and overusing glucose in muscle

20
Q

TNF pathway

A

produced by several cells

- mononuclear phagocytes
- antigen-stimulated T cells
- NK cells
- mast cells
21
Q

toll like receptors and TNF?

A

activated by LPS on gram negative bacteria

activation results in TNF secretion

**IFN-gamma also stimulates the release of TNF

22
Q

TNF receptors

A

death like receptor

cytosolic domain - death domains
extracellular domain -

23
Q

tumor necrosis factor alpha activity?

A

through NFkB

results in cytokine release

24
Q

IL-1

A

mediates local inflammation

induces expression of integrin ligands

activated by Toll like receptors

synthesized by the inflammasome

25
Q

can IL-1 induce septic shock?

A

nope

26
Q

chemokines

A

important in migration of leukocytes

27
Q

IL-12

A

interleukin 12
produced by activated dendritic cells and activated macrophages

increases the IFN-gamma synthesis

28
Q

type I interferons

A

IFN alpha
IFN beta

response to viral infections

increase in antigen presentation on the cell

activated by viral nucleic acids - intracellular receptors

29
Q

IFN-alpha

A

produced by immune cells

30
Q

IFN-beta

A

produced by systemic cells

31
Q

type I interferon activity

A

can mess with viral replication machinery

32
Q

IL-10

A

inhibits the innate immune response

for macrophages and and dendritic cells

33
Q

extracellular cytokines

A

TNF, IL-1, and chemokines

promote extravasation

responder: neutrophil

34
Q

intracellular bacteria

A

IL-12 and INF-gamma

main responder is macrophages

35
Q

viral innate reaction

A

type I IFNs and IL-12

inhibit viral replication

activate NK cells

36
Q

symptoms of septic shock

A 
hyperthermia
tachycardia
hypotension
tachypnea
acute hyperventilation
mental status change

patient history of a new infection

37
Q

basiliximab

A

prevents IL-2 binding

inhibit transplant rejection

38
Q

IFN-gamma

A

used in TB diagnosis

39
Q

TNF and IL-6

A

can be used to determine septic shock

40
Q

IL-12

A

to boost immune response in cancer patient

41
Q

IFN-beta

A

used to treat multiple sclerosis

42
Q

IFN-alpha

A

used to treat chronic hepatitis and hematologic cancers

MSS-IHL Exam 1 (13 decks)

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