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igneous rocks Flashcards

1
Q

what is an intrusive igneous rock

A

formed when magma hardens below the surface

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2
Q

what is an extrusive igneous rock

A

lava hardens above the surface

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3
Q

cooling at the surface is ______ making the rock ______ in size

A

faster, smaller

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4
Q

how are igneous rocks classified

A

composition and texture

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5
Q

what is composition

A

what the rocks are made of or the amounts of light and dark minerals in the rock

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6
Q

what is texture

A

how rocks look like

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7
Q

what 4 types of textures are there

A

coarse-grained
fine-grained
glassy
porphyritic

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8
Q

define coarse grained texture

A

slow cooling causing larger crystals

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9
Q

define fine grained texture

A

rapid cooling resulting in smaller crystals

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10
Q

define glassy texture

A

really fast cooling

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11
Q

define porphyritic texture

A

mix of large and small crystals

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12
Q

what are rocks with a felsic composition

A

rocks composed of light colored minerals

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13
Q

what are rocks with intermediate composition

A

rocks between light and dark materials

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14
Q

what are rocks with a mafic composition

A

mostly dark-colored silicate minerals and plagioclase feldspar

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15
Q

what are rocks with a ultramafic compostition

A

made mostly of iron and magnesium-rich minerals

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16
Q

how can silica change depending on the type of rock

A

more silica more thicker magma (also more explosive)

17
Q

which type of composition of a rock has the least amount of silica

A

mafic/ultramafic

18
Q

which type of composition of a rock has the most amount of silica

A

felsic

19
Q

what is pluton

A

mass of rock that forms when magma cools inside earth

20
Q

what is batholith

A

large pluton that is mainly in the center of mountain ranges, can be exposed by uplift and erosion

21
Q

what is laccolith

A

magma is stiff and bulges to form a dome

22
Q

what is dike

A

sheet of igneous rock that cuts across rock layers through cracks

23
Q

what is sill

A

sheet of igneous rock that is forced between rock layers

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