hydrology (part 2)

Question 1

the hydrologic cycle is powered by the ____

Answer 1

sun

Question 2

what are the 5 steps of the hydrologic cycle

Answer 2

1. water evaporates into earths atmosphere
2. moisture is collected to form clouds and then the clouds precipitate
3. when the water falls to the ground it goes into lakes, oceans, and streams
4. runoff happens when ground hold water
5. some water spreads to plants and then it is released back out thru transpiration

Question 3

how much of the earths water is fresh

Answer 3

3%

Question 4

of the percentage of earths fresh water how much surface and ground water are drinkable

Answer 4

31%

Question 5

stream velocity

Answer 5

how fast water can go mostly depends on the gradient

Question 6

stream gradient

Answer 6

the slope of a stream channel

Question 7

discharge

Answer 7

amount of water passing through a certain point in a given amount of time

Question 8

competence

Answer 8

measure of the maximum size of sediments a stream can carry

Question 9

capacity

Answer 9

measure of the total amount of sediments a stream can carry

Question 10

youth stream development properties

Answer 10

waterfalls and rapids, a lot of erosion, straight path, v-shaped valley, fast speed

Question 11

mature stream development properties

Answer 11

floodplains start to appear, curving patterns, slower speed, gentle slope, less erosion

Question 12

old stream development properties

Answer 12

extreme meanders, wide floodplain, slow speed, oxbow lakes, natural levees, flat

Question 13

point source pollution

Answer 13

single source where pollution is directly coming from ex. factory or sewage treatment plant

Question 14

nonpoint source pollution

Answer 14

usually runoff moves pollutants through water and groundwater ex. fertilizer, sediment from construction, oil on road

Question 15

karst topography

Answer 15

areas with bedrock containing calcite, dolomite, and other easy dissolving materials (sinkholes, lost rivers, caverns)

Question 16

carn formation

Answer 16

rainwater containing carbonic acid which spreads into the ground (most commonly associated with limestone)

Question 17

watershed

Answer 17

rainwater, ice, snow meet at a certain point which flows into a larger body of water

Question 18

what is another name for watershed

Answer 18

drainage basin

Question 19

permeability

Answer 19

the rate water can pass through pore spaces of rock

Question 20

porosity

Answer 20

the amount of space between the pore spaces of a rock

Question 21

circle particles have a (higher, lower) porosity than angle shaped particles and well sorted particles have a (higher, lower) porosity than poorly sorted particles

Answer 21

higher

Question 22

zone of saturation

Answer 22

where all the pore spaces are filled

Question 23

water table

Answer 23

the layer above the zone of saturation

Question 24

zone of aeration

Answer 24

the area between the surface and the water table that can still hold water

Question 25

spring

Answer 25

the water table meets the surface and as a result groundwater flows out

Question 26

ordinary well

Answer 26

humans dig in the ground to get groundwater

Question 27

aquifer

Answer 27

permeable layers of rock and sediment that carry and store groundwater enough to supply wells

Question 28

artesian formation

Answer 28

aquifer dips underground and is squished between impermeable rocks

Question 29

geyser

Answer 29

hot spring shooting water and steam into the air

Question 30

consequences of using too much groundwater

Answer 30

water table drops so wells go dry, salt water will spread into overused aquifers

Question 31

subsidence

Answer 31

when groundwater is being taken the ground then is compacted and sinks down