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africa Flashcards

1
Q

africa has the most _____ geography of any continent in the world

A

diverse

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2
Q

southern africa has ________

A

savannas

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3
Q

central africa has _________

A

rainforests

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4
Q

northern africa has the _____ ______

A

sahara desert

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5
Q

the nile, congo, and niger rivers are all _______

A

unnavigable (not able to cross)

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6
Q

southern and eastern africa has _______ and ______

A

mountains and plateus

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7
Q

how did people in africa create permanent cities

A

started in clans, hunter-gatherers, discovered iron

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8
Q

what are the 2 main effects of geography in africa

A

its difficult to travel and trade, there is a lot of diversity

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9
Q

how did africa’s varied geography create diverse people (6)

A

difficult to create big centralized empires, diverse tribal groups start to form, traditional economies = maintenance (food), local de-centralized governments, communal living, animist religion

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10
Q

how did geography create barriers between groups in africa (2)

A

deserts and unnavigable rivers slowed the development of trade routes, little cultural diffusion

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11
Q

earliest clan and city formed in africa

A

nok

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12
Q

what are the accomplishments of the nok

A

founded iron tools, helped produce food and weapons, started the western african empires

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13
Q

what is the term for a christian empire on red sea

A

aksum

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14
Q

aksum was the ______________

A

1st african empire

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15
Q

where is aksum located

A

where ethiopia is now

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16
Q

major trading city of aksum

A

adulis

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17
Q

what religion did the aksum kingdom believe in

A

animism (monotheistic)

18
Q

what other religions/people spreaded to aksum

A

christianity by traders, muslims

19
Q

what is aksum famous for

A

stone towers called stelae

20
Q

where is the great zimbabwe located

A

limpopo & the zambezi rivers

21
Q

the great zimbabwe was built on what

A

gold and the gold-salt trade to the north

22
Q

who eventually attacked zimbabwe and begun enslaving africans for the new world

A

portugans

23
Q

what is the capital city of great zimbabwe empire

A

great zimbabwe

24
Q

what is zimbabwe famous for

A

large walls surrounding the city

25
Q

what techniques allowed the 1st trans-saharan trade routes

A

camels and caravans

26
Q

how did the use of camels and caravans affect africa (4)

A

made diverse resources available to groups across africa, cultural diffusion, spread of islam, trade in gold and salt created wealth among tribes

27
Q

what did central empires do to the trans-saharan trade routes

A

arise to control & protect

28
Q

what are the three african trading kingdoms

A

ghana, mali, songhai

29
Q

where is the kingdom of ghana located

A

niger and senegal rivers

30
Q

what parts of africa borders ghana

A

south (rivers), north (sahara desert)

31
Q

what differs the empire of ghana from the other empires

A

based life around the river and gold from the mountains

32
Q

where was salt and gold located in ghana

A

gold was on mountains near rivers, salt was from the sahara

33
Q

the most prosperous of the 3 great trading kingdoms

A

mali

34
Q

how did mali accumulate wealth and protect & profit from the gold & salt trade

A

controlling trans-saharan trade routes, military power

35
Q

which empire pioneered trade routes w/ europe along the mediterranean and the middle east during reign of mansa musa

A

mali

36
Q

who is mansa musa

A

king of mali

37
Q

where did mansa musa expand mali to

A

niger river to atlantic ocean

38
Q

what is the capital city located along the niger river

A

timbuktu

39
Q

where did mansa musa go in 1324

A

pilgrimage to mecca (hajj)

40
Q

what is an accomplishment by mansa musa

A

translated quran into swahili and other african languages

41
Q

why did the songhai empire collapse when taking control tran-saharan trade routes (4)

A

wealth attracted constant invasion from neighboring groups, transatlantic trade shifted power in west africa to coastal kingdoms, slave trade weakens in west africa, fall to moroccan soldiers

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