africa Flashcards
africa has the most _____ geography of any continent in the world
diverse
southern africa has ________
savannas
central africa has _________
rainforests
northern africa has the _____ ______
sahara desert
the nile, congo, and niger rivers are all _______
unnavigable (not able to cross)
southern and eastern africa has _______ and ______
mountains and plateus
how did people in africa create permanent cities
started in clans, hunter-gatherers, discovered iron
what are the 2 main effects of geography in africa
its difficult to travel and trade, there is a lot of diversity
how did africa’s varied geography create diverse people (6)
difficult to create big centralized empires, diverse tribal groups start to form, traditional economies = maintenance (food), local de-centralized governments, communal living, animist religion
how did geography create barriers between groups in africa (2)
deserts and unnavigable rivers slowed the development of trade routes, little cultural diffusion
earliest clan and city formed in africa
nok
what are the accomplishments of the nok
founded iron tools, helped produce food and weapons, started the western african empires
what is the term for a christian empire on red sea
aksum
aksum was the ______________
1st african empire
where is aksum located
where ethiopia is now
major trading city of aksum
adulis
what religion did the aksum kingdom believe in
animism (monotheistic)
what other religions/people spreaded to aksum
christianity by traders, muslims
what is aksum famous for
stone towers called stelae
where is the great zimbabwe located
limpopo & the zambezi rivers
the great zimbabwe was built on what
gold and the gold-salt trade to the north
who eventually attacked zimbabwe and begun enslaving africans for the new world
portugans
what is the capital city of great zimbabwe empire
great zimbabwe
what is zimbabwe famous for
large walls surrounding the city
what techniques allowed the 1st trans-saharan trade routes
camels and caravans
how did the use of camels and caravans affect africa (4)
made diverse resources available to groups across africa, cultural diffusion, spread of islam, trade in gold and salt created wealth among tribes
what did central empires do to the trans-saharan trade routes
arise to control & protect
what are the three african trading kingdoms
ghana, mali, songhai
where is the kingdom of ghana located
niger and senegal rivers
what parts of africa borders ghana
south (rivers), north (sahara desert)
what differs the empire of ghana from the other empires
based life around the river and gold from the mountains
where was salt and gold located in ghana
gold was on mountains near rivers, salt was from the sahara
the most prosperous of the 3 great trading kingdoms
mali
how did mali accumulate wealth and protect & profit from the gold & salt trade
controlling trans-saharan trade routes, military power
which empire pioneered trade routes w/ europe along the mediterranean and the middle east during reign of mansa musa
mali
who is mansa musa
king of mali
where did mansa musa expand mali to
niger river to atlantic ocean
what is the capital city located along the niger river
timbuktu
where did mansa musa go in 1324
pilgrimage to mecca (hajj)
what is an accomplishment by mansa musa
translated quran into swahili and other african languages
why did the songhai empire collapse when taking control tran-saharan trade routes (4)
wealth attracted constant invasion from neighboring groups, transatlantic trade shifted power in west africa to coastal kingdoms, slave trade weakens in west africa, fall to moroccan soldiers
