idk the first test

Question 1

the three main approaches to psychology

Answer 1

the biological, the cognitive, the sociocultural

Question 2

define psychology

Answer 2

the scientific study of the behaviours of individuals and their mental processes

Question 3

define behaviour

Answer 3

the way creatures adjust to the environment

Question 4

individual

Answer 4

you become a possible psyvhological study the moment yoy are born, that applies to humans and animals, sometimes individuals dont even realise they are being studied (when they are studied in natural habitat (ie at the park)

Question 5

mental processes

Answer 5

what goes on in your mind, the good, the bad, every thought. necessary to understand human behaviours some ppl consider those more important than behaviours

Question 6

mri

Answer 6

so soft tissue contains water molecules and the magnetic field created by the giant tube acts upon protons found in water in response to the mri radio waves the protons send out an echo which is organised into a picture later but basically n the giant tube magnetic field forces the protons to allign with it and then we can anaylyse them

provides images of the non-bony parts or the soft tissues

it can diagnose tumours, brain disorders, soft tissue injuries, joint injury//disease, spinal injury, disease of internal organs

benefits: provides better soft tissue contrast than ct, it can differentiate between different tissues (muscle, fat, water)

minus: money, tough on claustrophobic people, long (min 40mins)

Question 7

fmri

Answer 7

its a specific type of an mri that helps people analyse specific parts of the brain are working they help measure blood flow without surgery

so yet again we have a magnetic field that detects brain activity it takes advantages of activated neurones requiring more oxygen from red blood cells this increase in activity leads to a clog in bloodflow that fmri detects taking notes of alteration in blood flow and electrical activity

so it can measure small changes in blood flow that occur with brain activity to help understand the effect of a stroke or a different disease

it can diagnose a stroke, brain tumour, brain injury, alzheimers disease and epilepsy

benefits: non invasive, detects abnormalities

minuses: money, you have to be completely still so tough for kids, still not fully understood

Question 8

eeg

Answer 8

an eeg is a test that detects abnormalities in your brain waves, or in the electrical activity of your brain. during the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted onto your scalp. the electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of your brain cells. then they transfter those into a computer graph.

there are a few brain disorder chamges in the brain activity that are useful to detecting brain conditions such as epilepsy and seizure disorders

it can diagnose: sleep disorders (narcolepsy), head injuries, brain infection, haemorrhage, alzheimer, degeneration of brain tissues

benefits: excellent temporal resolution, cheap, safe, there aren’t any safety//health restrictions

minus: poor spatial resolution, high noise

Question 9

ct scan

Answer 9

its a series of xray images taken from different angles around the body and then we use the computer to create cross-selectional images (slices) of bones, blood vessels and soft tissues

it can locate the tumour, monitor treatment effectiveness, detect internal injury and bleeding, can help guide procedures

it can diagnose: muscle disorder, bone disorder (bone tumours and fractures), cancer, heart disease and lung nodles

benefits: more detailed than xrays and mri

minuses: restricted for pregnant people, ionising radiation that might lead to cancer

Question 10

pet

Answer 10

a small amount of radioactive glucose is injected into veins and the pet scanner takes pics to see where its being used the most the tracer will collect in places with a bigger amount of metabolic biochemical activity

detailed dimensional images of the inside of the body revealing metabolic or biochemical functions of tissues and organs

it can diagnose: cancer, coronary artery disease (cad), other heart problems) brain disorders [epilepsy, dementia, alzheimer]

benefits: more detailed than mri, noninvasive, painless, short

minuses: expensive, not widely avaioable, its hard to analyse the result graphs and yiu need experts for that and it just sucsk because you can pay so much money for the procedure and so much for an analyse tgat might not even be correct

Question 11

thecortex

Answer 11

the layer of neurones with a folded surface covering the brain on the outside. its the largest part of the human brain associated with higher order functions such as abstract thought or voluntary action, this is the part of the brain which develops last it devides into lobes

Question 12

name lobes

Answer 12

frontal lobes, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobes

Question 13

frontal lobes

Answer 13

reasoning planning thinkimh decision makimg valuntary action complex emotions

Question 14

parietal lobe

Answer 14

movement orientation perception recognition

Question 15

temporal lobes

Answer 15

processing auditory informatiom memory and speecg

Question 16

occippital

Answer 16

visual processing

Question 17

qualitive

Answer 17

words, case studies, natural observations, interviews

purpose: to answer “why” types of questions
data type: observations, symbols, words
approach: observe and analyse
analysis: groupings of common data (not statistics)

Question 18

quantitive

Answer 18

numbers and statistics, experiments, surveys, correlational research

purpose: to answer “how many” and “how much” questions
data type: numbers//statistics
approach:measure and test
analysis: statistical analysis

Question 19

scientific study

Answer 19

> It consists of a set of orderly steps to analyse and solve problems.
Information is collected objectively.
Conclusions are drawn from facts.

Question 20

the limbic system

Answer 20

evolutionarily older subcortical structure it is referred to as the emotional brain

Question 21

hippocampus

Answer 21

MEMORY, learning, transferring short. them memory to a permanent store, spatial orientaltion

Question 22

brain stem

Answer 22

its underneath the limbic system and its main function is to regulate the basic vital processes such as breathing so its responsible for basic brain actions it also connevts the brain to the spinal cord

Question 23

cerebellum

Answer 23

the little brain, coordination, movement, balance it looks like the cortex, has two hemispheres and a folded surface, it stores our talents (that we are practising), detects errors in movement and adjusts

Question 24

paul broca

Answer 24

the study of tam. so this bloke louis leborgre lost his ability to speak (and everyrhing else about him was working fine)when hw was 30 and he could only say the syllable tam (he repeated it so it was like..) tam-tam and when he died at 51 broca did an autopsy and shocker there was a lension in the frontal area of the left hemisphere (brocas area) and this sickness actually has a name brocas aphasia

Question 25

brocas aphasia

Answer 25

the loss of articulated speech

Question 26

wernickes area

Answer 26

an area located in the temporal lobe on the dominant hemisphere (usually left) responsible for comprehension of written and spoken language

Question 27

quasi experiment vs experiment

Answer 27

so in the experiment its a group of random people and in a quasi experiment its a typical group of people for example taxi drivers

Question 28

neuro pruning

Answer 28

the brain eliminates skills, connections you dont use anymore

if you dont use it you lose it

Question 29

correlation study

Answer 29

investigates a relationship between two or more variables without the researchers manipulating them

Question 30

case study

Answer 30

a research approach that is used to generate an in-depth, multi-faceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context.

Question 31

mguire 2000

Answer 31

Aim: examining whether structural changes can be detected in the brain of a person with extensive experience of spatial navigation

Method: mri scans. 16 right handed male london cabbies took part, they were all driving for more than 1,5 years. to compare they also scanned normal people

Results: 1) increased grey matter found in taxi drivers brains, the right and left hippocampus. the increased value was located in postterior (rear) hippocampus

             2)changes with navigation experiance- there was a correlation found between the    amount of time spent as a taxi driver and volume in the right posterior hippocampus

Conclusion: the result show us the evidence for structural differences between the cabbies and control participants hence extensive practice with spatial navigation affects the hippocampus

Question 32

neuroplasticity

Answer 32

its the ability of the brain to adapt to the enviroment

Question 33

bogdan droganski 2004//2006

Answer 33

he took scans of peiples brains, told them to learn to juggle and gave them exactky three months for it and after those three months he took brain scans again and the temporal globes and the hippocampus grew and then forced them to stop practicing for three months and took scans of their brains and the size of the grey matter decreased however it was not as small as before they learned how to juggle so the size was almost back to normal

neuro pruning (use it or you lose it)