Becker et al 2002 Flashcards
background knowledge
Television was introduced to the islands of Fiji in 1995. Becker and her team wanted to study if the introduction of television would lead to an increase in disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among Fijian adolescent girls in two secondary schools in Nadroga, a district just outside the capital city of Nadi. Fijian culture focuses on having a large appetite; a larger body mass is not seen as unattractive, but rather, desirable. Up until this study, there had been only one reported case of anorexia in the islands of Fiji.
design of the study and such
The study was a prospective study - that is, the behaviors of the participants were measured before the introduction of television into their culture. The study was also a natural experiment - television was not an independent variable that was manipulated by the researcher, but the researcher took advantage of something that was happening in Fiji.
sample
Two samples of Fijian school girls (a total of approximately 60 participants) were studied. The first group was in 1995, only a few weeks after television was introduced. The second group was tested in 1998 - three years later. The study was looking at girls between the ages of 16 and 18.
procedure
In 1995 the girls were given the EAT-26, a standardized test to determine eating attitudes. Notice that this is a Western test. It was assumed by the researchers that this test could be administered to determine eating habits, despite cultural differences. This is an “etic” approach to research. Since all participants spoke fluent English, the test did not need to be translated into the local language.
After the completion of the survey, semi-structured interviews were used to confirm the test results if there was evidence of binging and/or purging behaviors. Weight and height were also measured.
The 1998 sample also took the EAT-26 test with the follow-up interview, but they were also given additional questions about dieting practice, body image, and differences in generational values.
results
The researchers found that there was a significant difference in the EAT-26 scores of the two groups. The 1995 cohort had an average score of 12.7% whereas the 1998 group had an average score of 29.2%. In 1998, scores greater than 20 were correlated with dieting and self-induced vomiting. None of the girls reported purging behaviors in 1995; by 1998 it was 11.3% of the sample. However, self-reported binge eating did not change significantly (7.9% and 4.6% respectively)
In 1995, dieting was rare in Fiji. By 1998, 69% of the participants reported that they had dieted to lose weight. 74% felt that they were “too big or fat”. 77% reported that television had made them think differently about their body shape; 40% felt that weight loss would improve their job prospects; 31% felt that their parents’ generation wanted them to consume too much food.
evaluation
As this was a naturalistic study, it has high ecological validity. However, the study cannot be replicated, so the level of reliability is low.
The data were self-reported. This is also not a diagnosis. We cannot say that the girls had eating disorders. Therefore, although this may help psychologists to generate a theory about eating disorders, it is not evidence of the origin of anorexia.
The researchers cannot conclude that the group in 1998 did not have disordered eating behaviors in 1995 as the two samples did not have the same participants.
