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Block 1 - GI > IDIS > Flashcards

IDIS Flashcards

1
Q

Leading cross of tooth loss in children?

Adults?

A

Debra carries

Periodontal disease

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2
Q

Dental carries can be caused by:

A 
Strep mutans 
S. sobrinus
Lactobacillus casei
Actinomyces 
Bifidobacterium
Low pH tolerant strep
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3
Q

Red gums
Swelling
Bleeding with trauma
No pain

A

Gingivitis

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4
Q 
Fever
Malaise
Painful gingiva
Necrotic gray-black ulcers
Easy to remove gray pseudomembrane
A

Trench mouth

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

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5
Q 
Fever
Painful ulcers
Swelling of lower face and neck
Oropharynx involved
Difficulty speaking or swallowing
A

Vincent’s angina

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6
Q

Aggressive periodontitis causes

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Or
Eikenella corrodens in concert with Fusobacterium nucleatum

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7
Q 
Abscess at end of tooth root
Extension of dental carry
Pain in and around tooth 
Tapping the tooth hurts 
swelling at site
A

Dentoalveolar abscess

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8
Q

Abscess along tooth root
Pain in and around tooth
Tapping the tooth hurts
swelling at site

A

Periodontal abscess

*patient will also have periodontal disease

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9
Q 
Severely ill
Tongue moved up and back
Pain with tongue movement 
Fever
Trismus (lock jaw)
Severe dysphagia 
Drooling
Swelling under chin
Floor of mouth tenderness
A

Ludwig’s angina

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10
Q

Causes of Ludwig’s angina

A

Staph
Strep
Bacteroides (anaerobe, bad breath)
Fusobacterium (anaerobe, bad breath)

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11
Q

Causes of stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth and tongue)

A

HSV1 and 2

Candida albicans

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12
Q

Painful sores in mouth
Fever
Transmission: mucous membranes, saliva, skin
Tzanck +

A

HSV 1

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13
Q

Painful sores in mouth
Fever
Transmission: oral sex
Tzanck +

A

HSV2

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14
Q

Creamy white plaques in mouth
Hard to remove
Inflamed base can bleed

A

Candida albicans

-Type: Pseudomembranous thrush

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15
Q

Redness in any part of ora mucosa
Acute or chronic
Shiny red tongue
No pseudomembrane

A

Candida albicans

-Type: erythematous

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16
Q

Spots on cheek, angle of mouth, or on tongue
Does not rub off
Can become malignant
Chronic

A

Candida albicans

-Type: leukoplakia (hyperplastic)

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17
Q

Spots on lateral borders of the tongue
EBV
Cowdry type A inclusions

A

Ora hairy leukoplakia

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18
Q

Spots on angles of the mouth

Candida albicans usually, but if there is yellow crusting think Staph aureus

A

Angular cheilitis

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19
Q 
Myalgia
Headache
Malaise
Fever
Anorexia
Swollen and tender salivary glands - jelly-like feel, not warm
Sometimes earache
A

Mumps
Viral parotitis
-paramyxovirus, RNA, enveloped

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20
Q

Swelling of salivary glands
Warm skin
Chewing hurts
Massage –> purulent discharge

A

Acute bacterial parotitis

Staph aureus

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21
Q

Infectious causes of esophagitis

A 
Candida albicans (most common)
CMV
HSV
HIV
VZV
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22
Q

White plaques or pale yellow plaques on esophagus
Raw base
Usually also have thrush

A

Candida albicans caused esophagitis

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23
Q

Abrupt onset of small vesicles, which later form volcano like lesions with raised edges.
Multinucleated giant cells

A

HSV caused esophagitis

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24
Q

Gradual onset of a single large ulcer or multiple discrete lesions at the distal end of the esophagus
Only in IC patients

A

CMV caused esophagitis

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25
Q

Multiple thrush like lesions
Later you see giant deep ulcers
Fistula formation, perforation, hemorrhage, or superinfections can occur

A

HIV caused esophagitis

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26
Q

Esophagitis that looks like chicken pox or shingles

A

VZV

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27
Q

Gastric vs. duodenal ulcers

A

Gastric hurts when you eat

Duodenal feels better when you eat

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28
Q

Main cause of PUD and chronic active gastritis

A

H. pylori

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29
Q 
Pain in stomach, can travel to back
Burning, gnawing, sore, vague discomfort
Nausea, vomiting
Belching without relief
Can have hematemesis or melena
A

Chronic active gastritis

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30
Q 
Fecal oral transmission
No chronic carrier state
Fever
Malaise
Jaundice
Clay colored stools
Dark urine 
⬆️ ALT, AST, bili 
RUQ pain
A

HEV and HAV

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31
Q

Hepatitis virus not endemic to the US
(Look for history of travel)
Higher mortality rate especially for pregnant women

A

HEV

32
Q

+ IgM for HAV indicates what?

+ IgG?

A

Acute infection

Previous infection

33
Q

DNA virus
80% of primary HCC is associated with this virus
Sex transmission is most common

A

HBV

34
Q

RNA virus
Chronic is more common in this virus
Percutaneous transmission is most common

A

HCV

35
Q

HBsAg
Anti-HBc IgM
HBeAg

A

Acute HBV

36
Q

Anti-HBc IgM

+/- HBeAg and Anti-HBe

A

Window HBV

37
Q

Anti-HBs
Anti-HBc IgG
Anti-HBe

A

Early convalescent HBV

38
Q

Anti-HBc IgG

Anti-HBe

A

Late convalescent HBV

39
Q

HBsAg (for 6 months)
Anti-HBc IgG
Anti-HBe

A

Chronic persistent HBV

40
Q

HBsAg (for 6 months)
Anti-HBc IgG
HBeAg

A

Chronic active HBV

41
Q

Anti-HBs

A

Vaccinated for HBV

42
Q

Rapid onset of projectile vomiting
Little or no diarrhea
Mayo, dairy products, salted foods
Gram + coccus

A

Staph aureus

food poisoning

43
Q 
Nausea
Vomiting
Little or no diarrhea 
Fried rice
Heat stable + rod
A

Type I
Bacillus cereus
Food poisoning

44
Q

Profuse diarrhea
Little or no vomiting
Meat, milk, fish, vegetables
Heat labile + rod

A

Type II
Bacillus cereus
Food poisoning

45
Q

Abd cramps
Meats,meat products, gravy
Gram + rod
Anaerobe

A

Clostridium perfringens
Food poisoning
*most common cause of food poisoning

46
Q

Short incubation times
No Fever
Absence of fecal leukocytes

A

Food poisoning

47
Q 
Fever
Nausea
Abd pain
Vomiting
Watery diarrhea
Invades small intestine
A

Viral gastroenteritis

48
Q

Viral gastroenteritis causes

A
  1. Rotavirus-naked ds RNA, infants, winter diarrhea
  2. Norovirus-(most common), naked ss RNA, winter vomiting
  3. Astrovirus-naked ss RNA, winter (vomiting uncommon)
  4. Adenovirus-ds DNA, like rotavirus but in older infants, can cause intussusception
  5. Sapovirus-like norovirus but less common
49
Q

Bacterial gastroenteritis causes

A

E. coli
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio cholerae

50
Q 
Large volume diarrhea
Abd cramps
Vomiting is less common
No fecal leukocytes
No invasion of small intestine
A

Bacterial gastroenteritis - non-inflammatory

51
Q 
LT and ST toxins
Abrupt onset
24 hours
Watery diarrhea
Travelers diarrhea (most common cause)
A

ETEC

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

52
Q 
Adhere
Mucus
Cytotoxin
Small and large intestine
Several days 
Watery diarrhea
Travelers diarrhea
A

EAEC

Enteroaggregative E. coli

53
Q 
Attaching-effacing histopathology
No toxin
Mild diarrhea in infants <6 months
Several days
Watery diarrhea
Travelers diarrhea
A

EPEC

Enteropathogenic E. coli

54
Q

Can only grow on TCBS agar

A

Vibrio

  • cholerae is yellow
  • parahaemolyticus is green

*oxidase + gram - rod, halophilic

55
Q 
Explosive diarrhea
Headache
Fever
Cramps
Nausea
Vomiting
Raw shellfish
A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

56
Q

Abrupt onset of rice water stools

Slightly curve gram - rod

A

Vibrio cholerae

57
Q

Yellowish plaques on colon with colonoscopy
Usually diarrhea but can be constipated
Diffuse severe abd pain, distension, guarding
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Blood leukocytosis
PCR or glutamate dehydrogenase test on feces

A

C. diff colitis

58
Q

Fever
Abd pain
Pain will attempting to defecate
Tenesmus

A

Invasive gastroenteritis

59
Q

3 most common causes of of invasive gastroenteritis?

Others?

A

Campylobacter *most common
Shigella
Salmonella

(Others: EHEC, EIEC, Yersinia enterocolitica, entamoeba histolytica)

60
Q

The leading cause of bacterial diarrheal disease is ___

A

Campylobacteriosis

61
Q 
Peri umbilical cramping
Intense abd pain
Malaise
Myalgia
Headache 
Vomiting
Watery diarrhea
Leukocytes in stool 
S, comma, or seagull shaped bacteria
Darting motility
A

Campylobacter

Colitis

62
Q 
Malaise
Fever
Abd cramps
Tenesmus
Bloody stools
Fecal leukocytes
A

Campylobacter
IBD
*indistinguishable from shigella, salmonella, and E. coli

63
Q

Media for campylobacter

A

Campy-BAP

Skirrow

64
Q 
Non motile
Doesn't ferment lactose
Gram - rod
Fever
Abd pain
Watery diarrhea for 2 days then dysentery and tenesmus 
S-S  agar
Fecal leukocytes
A

Shigella sonnei *most common

Shigella flexneri

65
Q

Motile
Does not ferment lactose
Gram - rod
From food or animals

A

Salmonellosis

66
Q

Enteric fevers

A

S. typhi
S. paratyphi A
S. Schottmuelleri
S. Hirschfeldii

*non enteric fevers are named S. enterica

67
Q 
Nausea
Abd cramps
Vomiting
Nonbloody diarrhea
Fever
Headache
Myalgia
2d-1w
Food ingestion
A

Salmonellosis

Enteritis

68
Q

Fever for a week or two
Then diarrhea
Can go to liver, spleen, bone marrow

A

Salmonellosis

Enteric fever

69
Q

Severe cramps abd pain
Watery diarrhea followed by bloody diarrhea
No Fever
Sorbitol MacConkey plates (does not ferment sorbitol so it will be white)

A

Hemorrhagic colitis

EHEC

70
Q

Watery diarrhea that can occasionally result in dysenteric stools
Not much if any fever

A

EIEC

71
Q 
Diarrhea
Occasionally bloody stools
Abd pain
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting
*pharyngitis
A

Yersinia enterocolitica

72
Q 
RLQ pain
Fever
Vomiting
Leukocytosis
Mild diarrhea
Colonizes ileum and appendix
A

Pseudoappendicitis

Yersinia enterocolitica

73
Q 
Bullseye appearance on CIN agar
Does not ferment lactose
Urease +
Gram - rod
Motile at 25C but NOT 37C
A

Yersinia enterocolitica

74
Q

Intracytoplasmic RBCs is pathognomonic for___

A

Entamoeba histolytica

75
Q 
Diarrhea
Abd cramps
Vomiting 
Tenesmus
Flask shaped ulcers
Anchovy paste appearance of aspirations
A

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica

Block 1 - GI (15 decks)

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