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Block 1 - GI > Anatomy- Towns > Flashcards

Anatomy- Towns Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ a., which is a branch off of the ____ supplies both the abdominal and thoracic parts of the esophagus

A

Left gastric a.

Celiac trunk

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2
Q

Blood above the diaphragm drains to ____ system of veins which drains to the ___

A

Azygous

Superior vena cava

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3
Q

Blood below the diaphragm drains to the ___ v. and then to the ____

A

Left gastric v.

Portal venous system

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4
Q

Sensory and motor innervation of the esophagus

A

Vagus

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5
Q

The hepatogastric ligament of the ___ attaches between the ___ and the ____

A

Lesser omentum
Lesser curvature of the stomach
Liver

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6
Q

The epiploc foramen (which connects the ____ and ____) is just posterior to the ___

A

Lesser peritoneal sac
Greater peritoneal sac
Gastroduodenal ligament

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7
Q

Several structures lie posterior to the omental bursa and make up the bed of the stomach:

A

Spleen
Left kidney
Suprarenal gland
Pancreas

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8
Q
  1. The left gastric a. is a branch off of what?
  2. Right gastric?
  3. Left gastroepiploic?
  4. Right gastroepiploic?
  5. Short gastric arteries?
A
  1. Celiac trunk
  2. Proper hepatic a.
  3. Splenic a.
  4. Gastroduodenal (terminal cont.)
  5. Splenic
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9
Q

Which arteries pass along the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach?

A
  • Greater: right and left gastroepiploic

- Lesser: right and left gastric

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10
Q

The fundus of the stomach is supplied by what artery?

A

Short gastric arteries

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11
Q

Venous blood of the stomach is eventually drained through what vein? Do the veins follow the arteries?

A

Portal v.

Yes

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12
Q

Single large lymphatic duct that drains into the thoracic duct. Collects lymph from the stomach through various nodes and vessels

A

Cisterna chyli

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13
Q

The first (superior) segment of the duodenum passes to the ___, anterior and then posterior to the body of ___ vertebra. The initial part is usually called what?

A

Right
L1
Ampulla/cap
*secondarily retroperitoneal

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14
Q

The second (descending) segment of the duodenum passes ___ along the right side of the ___ vertebral body.

A

Inferiorly

L2

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15
Q

The third (horizontal) part of the duodenum passes to the ___ across the midline at the ___ vertebral level

A

Left

L3

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16
Q

The fourth part of the duodenum passes ___ to about the ___ vertebral level where the small intestine continues as the ____. The most distal part of the duodenum becomes intraperitoneal as it joins the ___

A

Superiorly
L2
Jejunum
Jejunum

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17
Q

The bile duct and the main pancreatic duct empty into which part of the duodenum? Where?

A

Second

At the major duodenal papilla (of Vater)

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18
Q

The ___ encircles the head of the pancreas

A

Duodenum

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19
Q

The ____section of the duodenum passes anterior to the portal v. and inferior vena cava

A

First (superior)

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20
Q

The ____ part of the duodenum is anterior to the portal v. and inferior vena cava

A

Second (descending)

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21
Q

The ___ part of the duodenum passes anterior to the inferior vena cava and aorta

A

Third (horizontal)

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22
Q

The superior mesenteric a. and v. cross anterior to which part of the duodenum?

A

Third (horizontal)

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23
Q

The initial segment of the transverse colon may pass anterior to which part of the duodenum?

A

Second (descending)

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24
Q

As the duodenum is st the boundary of the ___ and the ___, its blood supply is from 2 different sources. Name them

A

Foregut and midgut

Celiac trunk and SMA

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25
The gastroduodenal a. is a branch off of the ____ from the ____. It usually has ___ terminal branch(es). The what?
``` Common hepatic a. Celiac trunk 2 Right gastroepiploic a. Superior pancreaticoduodenal a. ```
26
The supraduodenal a. is a branch off of the ___ and it supplies the ___
Common hepatic a. | Proximal duodenum
27
The inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. branches off of the ___
SMA
28
Inferiorly, the transverse colon is attached to the greater omentum and the greater curvature of the stomach by its mesentery, the ___
Transverse mesocolon
29
Blood supply to the stomach is via branches of the __
Celiac trunk
30
The ____ and the ____ are suspended from the ____ by the mesentery
Jejunum and ileum | Posterior wall
31
A fibromuscular ligament (of ___) suspends the junction between the duodenum and the jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall
Treitz
32
The jejunum and ileum are (intra/retroperitoneal)
Intraperitoneal
33
Of the jejunum and ileum, which has a larger more muscular wall?
Jejunum
34
Most of the jejunum is in the____ quadrant. Ileum?
LUQ | RLQ
35
The arterial supply of the jejunum and ileum is via ___ and the venous drainage is via ___
Branches of the SMA | SMV with splenic v. form portal v.
36
Vasa rectae and arcades of the jejunum vs. ileum
Arcades of the ileum are larger and less complex, vasa rectae are shorter and more numerous
37
The ascending colon lies __ to the right kidney at the level of the hepatic flexure. The inferior margin of he right lobe of the liver is usually ___ to the hepatic flexure
Anterior | Anterior
38
The splenic flexure is __ to the left kidney and the spleen
Anterior
39
The transverse colon is ___ to the right part of the liver and the gall bladder
Posterior
40
The left kidney and spleen is ___ to the splenic flexure
Posterior
41
True or false: the transverse colon is retroperitoneal
False | *intraperitoneal
42
The root of the transverse mesocolon spans across the posterior ab wall anterior to :
``` Left kidney Pancreas Superior mesenteric vessels 2nd part of duodenum Right kidney ```
43
Why is the transverse colon more mobile than other parts of the large intestine?
It has a mesentery, the transverse mesocolon
44
The junction of the transverse colon and the descending colon is attached to the diaphragm by ____
Phrenicocolic ligament, which is an extension of the transverse mesocolon
45
True or false: The descending colon is intraperitoneal
False | Secondarily retroperitoneal
46
The superior part of the descending colon is ___ to the left kidney
Anterior
47
Which is more mobile: sigmoid colon or descending colon?
Sigmoid
48
The root of the sigmoid mesocolon crosses the ____ and ___
Left common iliac vessels | Left ureter
49
Is the rectum intraperitoneal?
The upper rectum is covered by peritoneum but the lower rectum is not
50
True or false: teniae coli are unique to the descending colon
False | The entire colon has these
51
Epiploic appendices attach where?
Teniae coli
52
Enlargement of the circular muscular layer of the colon every few cm produces ___
Haustra (sacculations)
53
At the boundaries between adjacent haustra the contracting circular muscles of the colon make ___
Semilunar folds
54
Blood supply to the colon is principally from 2 sources:
SMA | IMA
55
The SMA supplies which large intestine structures? | IMA?
SMA: cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right half of transverse colon IMA: left half of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper part of the rectum
56
The right half of the colon drains to the ___ v. while the left half drains to the ___ v., which usually joins the ___ v. Both veins then drain to the ___ v.
SMV IMV Splenic v. Portal v.
57
The ascending and descending colons drain to both the ___ v. and the ____
Portal v. | IVC
58
Lymph from the large intestine drains to nodes that are located near the ___. It drains superiorly from here and generally accumulates in the ___ and thence to the ___
Aorta Cisterna chyli Thoracic duct
59
Sympathetic input to the stomach, large and small intestine arises from ___ levels of the spinal cord. Preganglionic sympathetic cells leave the spinal cord in the ___ roots, pass through ___ rami and enter the sympathetic chain. These diverge to form ___ nerves
Thoracolumbar Ventral White Splanchnic
60
Greater splanchnic nerve fibers arise from which spinal cord segments? Lesser? Least?
T4-T9 T10-T11 T11-T12
61
Thoracic splanchnic nerves synapse in ____ ganglia clustered around major branches of the ___ These ganglia are named what?
Sympathetic Ab aorta -celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal
62
Lumbar splanchnic nerves arise from lumbar levels of the spinal cord and pass through the ___ before passing along the posterior ab wall to synapse on the ___ ganglia on postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the __
Sympathetic trunk Inferior mesenteric Pelvis
63
Post ganglionic axons from the ___ ganglia pass to their target organs in the surface of ___
Preaortic | Arteries supplying these organs
64
Parasympathetic input to the stomach, large and small intestine is via what nerve?
Vagus
65
The parasympathetic fibers serving the stomach diverge from the ___ trunk where the esophagus enters the abdomen and synapse on ganglia where?
Anterior vagal trunk | In the wall of the stomach
66
Other vagal fibers (not serving the stomach) pass into ____. *These preganglionic parasympathetic fibers do not synapse in these ganglia, but the pass to their target organs and synapse on the walls of these organs
Preaortic plexuses
67
Peripheral ___ fibers of dorsal root ganglia accompany the thoracic and lumbar splanchnics to the stomach, small and large intestine. These fibers sense what?
Somatic afferent | Excessive distension and tissue damage of the gut
68
The segmental origin of the spinal afferent to the abdominal organs is the basis for ___
Referred pain
69
___ sensory neurons that arise from neurons of the ___ ganglia of the vagus nerves accompany the rest of the vagus. These sense what?
Visceral Inferior Stretch and products of digestion

Block 1 - GI (15 decks)

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