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Block 1 - GI > Anatomy- Towns > Flashcards

Anatomy- Towns Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ a., which is a branch off of the ____ supplies both the abdominal and thoracic parts of the esophagus

A

Left gastric a.

Celiac trunk

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2
Q

Blood above the diaphragm drains to ____ system of veins which drains to the ___

A

Azygous

Superior vena cava

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3
Q

Blood below the diaphragm drains to the ___ v. and then to the ____

A

Left gastric v.

Portal venous system

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4
Q

Sensory and motor innervation of the esophagus

A

Vagus

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5
Q

The hepatogastric ligament of the ___ attaches between the ___ and the ____

A

Lesser omentum
Lesser curvature of the stomach
Liver

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6
Q

The epiploc foramen (which connects the ____ and ____) is just posterior to the ___

A

Lesser peritoneal sac
Greater peritoneal sac
Gastroduodenal ligament

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7
Q

Several structures lie posterior to the omental bursa and make up the bed of the stomach:

A

Spleen
Left kidney
Suprarenal gland
Pancreas

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8
Q
  1. The left gastric a. is a branch off of what?
  2. Right gastric?
  3. Left gastroepiploic?
  4. Right gastroepiploic?
  5. Short gastric arteries?
A
  1. Celiac trunk
  2. Proper hepatic a.
  3. Splenic a.
  4. Gastroduodenal (terminal cont.)
  5. Splenic
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9
Q

Which arteries pass along the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach?

A
  • Greater: right and left gastroepiploic

- Lesser: right and left gastric

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10
Q

The fundus of the stomach is supplied by what artery?

A

Short gastric arteries

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11
Q

Venous blood of the stomach is eventually drained through what vein? Do the veins follow the arteries?

A

Portal v.

Yes

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12
Q

Single large lymphatic duct that drains into the thoracic duct. Collects lymph from the stomach through various nodes and vessels

A

Cisterna chyli

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13
Q

The first (superior) segment of the duodenum passes to the ___, anterior and then posterior to the body of ___ vertebra. The initial part is usually called what?

A

Right
L1
Ampulla/cap
*secondarily retroperitoneal

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14
Q

The second (descending) segment of the duodenum passes ___ along the right side of the ___ vertebral body.

A

Inferiorly

L2

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15
Q

The third (horizontal) part of the duodenum passes to the ___ across the midline at the ___ vertebral level

A

Left

L3

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16
Q

The fourth part of the duodenum passes ___ to about the ___ vertebral level where the small intestine continues as the ____. The most distal part of the duodenum becomes intraperitoneal as it joins the ___

A

Superiorly
L2
Jejunum
Jejunum

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17
Q

The bile duct and the main pancreatic duct empty into which part of the duodenum? Where?

A

Second

At the major duodenal papilla (of Vater)

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18
Q

The ___ encircles the head of the pancreas

A

Duodenum

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19
Q

The ____section of the duodenum passes anterior to the portal v. and inferior vena cava

A

First (superior)

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20
Q

The ____ part of the duodenum is anterior to the portal v. and inferior vena cava

A

Second (descending)

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21
Q

The ___ part of the duodenum passes anterior to the inferior vena cava and aorta

A

Third (horizontal)

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22
Q

The superior mesenteric a. and v. cross anterior to which part of the duodenum?

A

Third (horizontal)

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23
Q

The initial segment of the transverse colon may pass anterior to which part of the duodenum?

A

Second (descending)

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24
Q

As the duodenum is st the boundary of the ___ and the ___, its blood supply is from 2 different sources. Name them

A

Foregut and midgut

Celiac trunk and SMA

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25
Q

The gastroduodenal a. is a branch off of the ____ from the ____. It usually has ___ terminal branch(es). The what?

A 
Common hepatic a. 
Celiac trunk
2
Right gastroepiploic a. 
Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
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26
Q

The supraduodenal a. is a branch off of the ___ and it supplies the ___

A

Common hepatic a.

Proximal duodenum

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27
Q

The inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. branches off of the ___

A

SMA

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28
Q

Inferiorly, the transverse colon is attached to the greater omentum and the greater curvature of the stomach by its mesentery, the ___

A

Transverse mesocolon

29
Q

Blood supply to the stomach is via branches of the __

A

Celiac trunk

30
Q

The ____ and the ____ are suspended from the ____ by the mesentery

A

Jejunum and ileum

Posterior wall

31
Q

A fibromuscular ligament (of ___) suspends the junction between the duodenum and the jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Treitz

32
Q

The jejunum and ileum are (intra/retroperitoneal)

A

Intraperitoneal

33
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which has a larger more muscular wall?

A

Jejunum

34
Q

Most of the jejunum is in the____ quadrant. Ileum?

A

LUQ

RLQ

35
Q

The arterial supply of the jejunum and ileum is via ___ and the venous drainage is via ___

A

Branches of the SMA

SMV with splenic v. form portal v.

36
Q

Vasa rectae and arcades of the jejunum vs. ileum

A

Arcades of the ileum are larger and less complex, vasa rectae are shorter and more numerous

37
Q

The ascending colon lies __ to the right kidney at the level of the hepatic flexure. The inferior margin of he right lobe of the liver is usually ___ to the hepatic flexure

A

Anterior

Anterior

38
Q

The splenic flexure is __ to the left kidney and the spleen

A

Anterior

39
Q

The transverse colon is ___ to the right part of the liver and the gall bladder

A

Posterior

40
Q

The left kidney and spleen is ___ to the splenic flexure

A

Posterior

41
Q

True or false: the transverse colon is retroperitoneal

A

False

*intraperitoneal

42
Q

The root of the transverse mesocolon spans across the posterior ab wall anterior to :

A 
Left kidney
Pancreas
Superior mesenteric vessels
2nd part of duodenum
Right kidney
43
Q

Why is the transverse colon more mobile than other parts of the large intestine?

A

It has a mesentery, the transverse mesocolon

44
Q

The junction of the transverse colon and the descending colon is attached to the diaphragm by ____

A

Phrenicocolic ligament, which is an extension of the transverse mesocolon

45
Q

True or false: The descending colon is intraperitoneal

A

False

Secondarily retroperitoneal

46
Q

The superior part of the descending colon is ___ to the left kidney

A

Anterior

47
Q

Which is more mobile: sigmoid colon or descending colon?

A

Sigmoid

48
Q

The root of the sigmoid mesocolon crosses the ____ and ___

A

Left common iliac vessels

Left ureter

49
Q

Is the rectum intraperitoneal?

A

The upper rectum is covered by peritoneum but the lower rectum is not

50
Q

True or false: teniae coli are unique to the descending colon

A

False

The entire colon has these

51
Q

Epiploic appendices attach where?

A

Teniae coli

52
Q

Enlargement of the circular muscular layer of the colon every few cm produces ___

A

Haustra (sacculations)

53
Q

At the boundaries between adjacent haustra the contracting circular muscles of the colon make ___

A

Semilunar folds

54
Q

Blood supply to the colon is principally from 2 sources:

A

SMA

IMA

55
Q

The SMA supplies which large intestine structures?

IMA?

A

SMA: cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right half of transverse colon

IMA: left half of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper part of the rectum

56
Q

The right half of the colon drains to the ___ v. while the left half drains to the ___ v., which usually joins the ___ v.
Both veins then drain to the ___ v.

A

SMV
IMV
Splenic v.
Portal v.

57
Q

The ascending and descending colons drain to both the ___ v. and the ____

A

Portal v.

IVC

58
Q

Lymph from the large intestine drains to nodes that are located near the ___. It drains superiorly from here and generally accumulates in the ___ and thence to the ___

A

Aorta
Cisterna chyli
Thoracic duct

59
Q

Sympathetic input to the stomach, large and small intestine arises from ___ levels of the spinal cord. Preganglionic sympathetic cells leave the spinal cord in the ___ roots, pass through ___ rami and enter the sympathetic chain. These diverge to form ___ nerves

A

Thoracolumbar
Ventral
White
Splanchnic

60
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve fibers arise from which spinal cord segments?
Lesser?
Least?

A

T4-T9
T10-T11
T11-T12

61
Q

Thoracic splanchnic nerves synapse in ____ ganglia clustered around major branches of the ___
These ganglia are named what?

A

Sympathetic
Ab aorta
-celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal

62
Q

Lumbar splanchnic nerves arise from lumbar levels of the spinal cord and pass through the ___ before passing along the posterior ab wall to synapse on the ___ ganglia on postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the __

A

Sympathetic trunk
Inferior mesenteric
Pelvis

63
Q

Post ganglionic axons from the ___ ganglia pass to their target organs in the surface of ___

A

Preaortic

Arteries supplying these organs

64
Q

Parasympathetic input to the stomach, large and small intestine is via what nerve?

A

Vagus

65
Q

The parasympathetic fibers serving the stomach diverge from the ___ trunk where the esophagus enters the abdomen and synapse on ganglia where?

A

Anterior vagal trunk

In the wall of the stomach

66
Q

Other vagal fibers (not serving the stomach) pass into ____.
*These preganglionic parasympathetic fibers do not synapse in these ganglia, but the pass to their target organs and synapse on the walls of these organs

A

Preaortic plexuses

67
Q

Peripheral ___ fibers of dorsal root ganglia accompany the thoracic and lumbar splanchnics to the stomach, small and large intestine. These fibers sense what?

A

Somatic afferent

Excessive distension and tissue damage of the gut

68
Q

The segmental origin of the spinal afferent to the abdominal organs is the basis for ___

A

Referred pain

69
Q

___ sensory neurons that arise from neurons of the ___ ganglia of the vagus nerves accompany the rest of the vagus. These sense what?

A

Visceral
Inferior
Stretch and products of digestion

Block 1 - GI (15 decks)

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