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Block 1 - GI > Anatomy - Raj > Flashcards

Anatomy - Raj Flashcards

1
Q

Division of the primitive gut from

  1. Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to cloacal membrane
  2. oropharyngeal membrane to liver
  3. Liver to to distal 1/3 of transverse colon
A
  1. Hindgut
  2. Foregut
  3. Midgut
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2
Q

Arterial supply of each gut division

A
  1. Foregut: celiac
  2. Midgut: SMA
  3. Hindgut: IMA
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3
Q

The inner lining of the primitive gut is ___. The muscular layer and outer peritoneal covering are derived from ___

A

Endoderm

Splanchnic mesoderm

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4
Q

Dorsal mesentery subdivisions and ventral mesentery subdivisions:

A
  1. Greater omentum (dorsal mesogastrium)
  2. Mesoduodenum
  3. Dorsal mesocolon
  4. Mesentery proper
    ____
  5. Lesser omentum
  6. Falciform ligament
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5
Q

Derivatives of the foregut

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Stomach
  3. Duodenum
  4. Liver
  5. Gall bladder
  6. Pancreas
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6
Q

Epithelium and glands of the esophagus are derived from __

A

Endoderm

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7
Q

Innervation of the esophagus

A

Upper 2/3 is vagus

Lower 1/3 is splanchnic

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8
Q

Esophageal atresia results from ___ and is often associated with ___. Clinical features include ___

A
  • Deviation of tracheoesophageal septum
  • Tracheoesophageal fistula
  • Constant salivation and freq. coughing
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9
Q

Narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus.

May be due to incomplete recanalization

A

Esophageal stenosis

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10
Q

Where the stomach is pulled into the thoracic cavity.

May be due to failure of the esophagus to lengthen

A

Congenital hiatal hernia

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11
Q

The stomach appears as a ___ in week ____. It undergoes ___ which determines its final shape and position

A

Dilation of the foregut
4
2 rotations

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12
Q

Rotations of the stomach:

A
  1. Longitudinal axis- ant. becomes right, post. becomes left, left becomes ant. and right becomes post.
  2. Anteroposterior axis- caudal part moves up and to the right, cephalic/cardiac part moves down and to the left
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13
Q

Rotation of the stomach around the ____ axis displaces the dorsal mesogastrium to the left. This rotation also displaces the ___

A
  • Longitudinal

- ventral mesogastrium to the right

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14
Q

The free edge of the lesser omentum connecting the duodenum and liver (____) contains what?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

-bile duct, portal v., hepatic a. proper

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15
Q

Extreme narrowing of pyloric lumen due to hypertrophy of the circular muscle fibers.
Symptoms?

A

Pyloric stenosis
Common in infants
Projectile vomiting

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16
Q

The duodenum is formed from the __

Importance?

A

Caudal part of foregut
Cephalic part of midgut

Supplied by both celiac and SMA

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17
Q

As the stomach rotates, the duodenum ___

A

Forms a C-shaped loop and rotates to the right and becomes secondarily retroperitoneal (except the cap!)

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18
Q

The liver bud appears in week ___

A

3

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19
Q

The liver, gall bladder, and biliary duct system all along use from ___

A

The hepatic diverticulum (liver bud)

20
Q

With the growth of the liver and gut, accompanied by the rotation of the stomach, the ventral mesentery becomes what?

A

Falciform ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Hepatogastric ligament

21
Q

The ____ become the portal v. which brings blood ___

A

Vitelline veins

From gut to liver

22
Q

The ___ becomes the ligamentum venosum and the ___ becomes the round ligament of the liver

A
  • Ductus venosus (shunts blood being brought to the liver from umbilicus to IVC)
  • Umbilical v.
23
Q 
Due to failure of bile duct to recanalize. 
Jaundice soon after birth
Clay colored stools
Can be fatal
Requires surgery or liver transplant
A

Extrahepatic biliary atresia

24
Q

The pancreas is formed by __

A

Dorsal and ventral pancreatic bud (2 outpouchings of the endodermal duodenum)

  • dorsal forms upper head, body, tail
  • ventral forms lower head, uncinate process
25
Q

The main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung) is formed by___

Accessory pancreatic duct (of ___)

A

Distal part of dorsal duct
Entire ventral duct

-Santorini

26
Q

T or F: the pancreas is intraperitoneal

A

F. Secondarily retroperitoneal

27
Q

Results from growth of a bifid ventral pancreatic bud and one part of the ventral pancreatic bud migrates incorrectly in the opposite direction. The parts of the bifid ventral bud then fuse with the dorsal bud, the duodenum becomes surrounded by pancreatic tissue and causes obstruction of the duodenum

A

Annular pancreas

28
Q

The spleen develops from __

A

Mesodermal proliferation between the 2 leaves of the dorsal mesogastrium

29
Q

The spleen is attached to the posterior body wall (near the left kidney) by the ___ ligament and to the stomach by the ___ ligament. It is (intra/retroperitoneal)

A

Splenorenal (lienorenal)
Gastrosplenic (gastrolienal)
Intraperitoneal

30
Q

The midgut forms the:

A
  1. Duodenum, distal to bile duct
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
  4. Cecum
  5. Appendix
  6. Ascending colon
  7. Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
31
Q

In the embryo the midgut is suspended dorsally by ___ and anteriorly is in communication with the ___ by way of the ___

A

A mesentery
Yolk sac
Vitelline duct or yolk stalk

32
Q

Physiological (umbilical) herniation

*First part to re-enter? Last?

A

During week 6 the ab organs enter the extraembryonic cavity in the umbilical cord
*proximal jejunum, cecal bud

33
Q

Rotation of the midgut

A

Axis = SMA

270 degrees counterclockwise

34
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum

A

Disease of 2s

Outpocketing of the ileum due to persistence of the vitelline duct

35
Q

Patent communication between ileum and umbilicus due to remaining vitelline duct. The umbilicus my discharge fecal matter

A

Umbilical fistula or vitelline fistula

36
Q

Abnormal rotation of the gut can result in its twisting, compromising the blood supply

A

Volvulus

37
Q

With malrotation, the gut only rotaries 90 degrees, rather than the normal ___.
The colon and the cecum are the first part to return and end up on the ___ side of the abdomen

A

270
Left

*left sided colon

38
Q

Occurs when the primary loop rotates 90 degrees clockwise

*because of this ___

A

Reverse rotation of the intestinal loop

*transverse colon passes behind the duodenum

39
Q

Failure of the bowel to return to the ab cavity from the physiological herniation.
Results in herniation of the viscera through an enlarged umbilical ring

A

Omphalocele

*the viscera are covered by amnion

40
Q

A protrusion of abdominal organs lateral to the umbilicus due to an abnormal closure of the body wall

A

Gastroschisis

*the viscera are not covered by peritoneum or amnion

41
Q

The Hindgut forms the:

A
  1. Distal 1/3 of transverse colon
  2. Descending colon
  3. Sigmoid colon
  4. Rectum
  5. Upper part of anal canal
42
Q

A cavity lined by endoderm and covered centrally by surface ectoderm.

A

Cloaca

43
Q

At the end of week __ the ___ ruptures forming an anal opening for the hindgut and a ventral opening for the urogenital sinus.

A

7

Cloacal membrane

44
Q

The junction between the endodermally and ectodermally derived parts of the anal canal

A

Pectinate line (just below anal columns)

45
Q

Due to the absence of parasympathetic ganglion in the bowel wall
-absence of peristalsis in that area

Symptoms?

A

Congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)

-failure of infant to pass mesoconium within 24 hours, vomiting, distended abdomen

46
Q

Occurs when the anal membrane fails to break down

A

Imperforate anus

47
Q

Due to abnormalities in the formation of the cloaca and/or urorectal septum.
Hindgut opens into urethra or vagina

A

Rectourethral and Rectovaginal fistulas

Block 1 - GI (15 decks)

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