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Block 1 - GI > Histo 1 > Flashcards

Histo 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach are called ___

A

Rugae

Temporary folds that only exist when the stomach is empty

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2
Q

Regions of the stomach:

A

Anatomical: Cardia, Fundis, Body, Pyloric

Histological: cardiac, fundic, pyloric

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3
Q

Epithelium of the alimentary canal

A

Simple columnar
-stomach and intestine

Non-keratinized stratified squamous
-oral cavity and esophagus

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4
Q

Cell types of surface epithelium of the stomach

A

Surface mucous cells

-produces thick, insoluble mucous

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5
Q

Glands of the stomach are located in which layer?

3 types of glands?

A

Lamina propria

Fundic, cardiac, pyloric

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6
Q

These glands are branched tubular, slightly coiled at the base, and are divided into 3 parts (isthmus, neck, base)

A

Fundic

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7
Q

Cell types of fundic glands

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Chief
  3. Mucous neck
  4. Enteroendocrine
  5. Progenitor
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8
Q

These cells produce HCl and intrinsic factor and are mostly found within the neck of their gland but can also be found at the base

A

Parietal cells

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9
Q

These cells have intracellular canaliculi with microvilli that are stored in a tubulovascular system in the resting cell

A

Parietal cells

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10
Q

These cells are mostly found at the base of their gland, secrete protein, pepsinogen, and have abundant RER at the base of the cell with secretory granules in the apical part of the cell

A

Gastric chief cells

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11
Q

These cells have small heterochromatic nuclei at the base of the cell, secrete mucous, and have a frothy appearance

A

Mucous neck cells

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12
Q

These cells secrete GI hormones such as gastrin and ghrelin and have secretory granules in the ____ since they secrete these hormones into the ___

A

Enteroendocrine
Basal part of the cell
Lamina propria/into the blood

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13
Q

These cells are mostly located in the isthmus of their gland and serve to replace surface mucous cells and fundic gland cells

A

Progenitor cells

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14
Q

Cardiac vs pyloric glands

Differences and similarities

A

Cardiac have shallow gastric pits, pyloric have deep

Neither have parietal or chief cells
Both produce mucous (cardiac protects against reflux, pyloric protects the pyloric mucosa), and both have enteroendocrine cells

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15
Q

Muscularis mucosae of the esophagus vs oral cavity vs stomach

A
  • Oral cavity does not have it
  • Esophagus has longitudinal bundles
  • Stomach has continuous sheet oriented orthogonally (circular and longitudinal)
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16
Q

Early vs late carcinomas of gastric epithelium

A

Early penetrate only submucosa

Late penetrate muscularis externa and further

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17
Q

The submucosa of the stomach is composed of ___

A

DICT

No glands
Meissner’s plexus

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18
Q

Layers of gastric muscularis externa

A

Inner oblique
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

*other parts have inner circular and outer longitudinal

19
Q

The myenteric nerve plexus (AKA __) is found where?

A

Auerbach’s plexus

Muscularis externa

*in the stomach it is between the middle circular and outer longitudinal layers

20
Q

Serosa vs adventitia

A

Serosa: stomach and distal esophagus

Adventitia: esophagus

21
Q

Normal layers of alimentary canal

A
  1. Mucosa
    a. Epithelium
    b. Lamina propria
    c. muscularis mucosae
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa/adventitia
22
Q

Muscularis externa

Smooth or skeletal?

A

Upper esophagus=skeletal
Middle esophagus=both
Everything else=smooth

23
Q

Serosa vs adventitia

A
  • Serosa: simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium, lines parts that are within the peritoneal cavity
  • Adventitia: lacks simple squamous epithelium, lines parts outside of peritoneal cavity, loose CT
24
Q

The oral cavity lacks what ?

A

Muscularis externa
Muscularis mucosae
Serosa/Adventitia

25
Q

Epithelium of the oral cavity is ___

Except where?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

*gingiva, hard palate, parts of the tongue

26
Q

Minor vs major salivary glands

A

Minor are intrinsic

Major are extrinsic

27
Q

Most abundant lingual papillae

A

Filiform

28
Q

Lingual papillae with strictly a mechanical role, no taste buds

A

Filiform

29
Q

Mushroom shaped papillae

A

Fungiform

30
Q

Lingual papillae that have taste buds on the apical portion

A

Fungiform

31
Q

Lingual papillae with taste buds on the sides

A

Circumvallate

Foliate

32
Q

Lingual papillae that are more numerous towards the tip of tongue

A

Fungiform

33
Q

Large, circular, dome shaped lingual papillae that make a V towards the root of the tongue

A

Circumvallate

34
Q

Von Ebner’s glands are present in which lingual papillae?

A

Circumvallate

Foliate

35
Q

Intercalated vs striated ducts

A

Intercalated:

  • Nucleus is at the base
  • low cuboidal epithelium

Striated

  • central nuclei
  • mitochondria make striations for ion absorption
  • connects intercalated to interlobular ducts
  • simple columnar epithelium
36
Q

Epithelium of interlobular ducts

A

Stratified columnar

37
Q

Main ducts change to ___ epithelium as they approach the oral cavity

A

Stratified squamous

38
Q

Most common tumor of salivary glands

A

Pleomorphic adenoma
-ductal and myoepithelial cells
Benign

39
Q

Metaplasia of esophagus from stratified squamous to columnar (specialized intestine epithelium)

Most common in?

A

Barrett’s esophagus

Caucasian males over 50
GERD
Most common precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma

40
Q

Esophageal mucosal vs submucosal glands

A

Mucosal: cardiac glands
Submucosal: esophageal glands proper

41
Q

Meissner’s plexus is located in which layer?

A

Submucosa

42
Q

Gastric muscularis externa layers

A

Inner oblique
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

43
Q

Where is the myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach’s) located in the stomach?

A

Between the middle circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa

44
Q

Does the stomach have adventitia or serosa?

A

Serosa

Block 1 - GI (15 decks)

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