Histo 1 Flashcards
Folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach are called ___
Rugae
Temporary folds that only exist when the stomach is empty
Regions of the stomach:
Anatomical: Cardia, Fundis, Body, Pyloric
Histological: cardiac, fundic, pyloric
Epithelium of the alimentary canal
Simple columnar
-stomach and intestine
Non-keratinized stratified squamous
-oral cavity and esophagus
Cell types of surface epithelium of the stomach
Surface mucous cells
-produces thick, insoluble mucous
Glands of the stomach are located in which layer?
3 types of glands?
Lamina propria
Fundic, cardiac, pyloric
These glands are branched tubular, slightly coiled at the base, and are divided into 3 parts (isthmus, neck, base)
Fundic
Cell types of fundic glands
- Parietal
- Chief
- Mucous neck
- Enteroendocrine
- Progenitor
These cells produce HCl and intrinsic factor and are mostly found within the neck of their gland but can also be found at the base
Parietal cells
These cells have intracellular canaliculi with microvilli that are stored in a tubulovascular system in the resting cell
Parietal cells
These cells are mostly found at the base of their gland, secrete protein, pepsinogen, and have abundant RER at the base of the cell with secretory granules in the apical part of the cell
Gastric chief cells
These cells have small heterochromatic nuclei at the base of the cell, secrete mucous, and have a frothy appearance
Mucous neck cells
These cells secrete GI hormones such as gastrin and ghrelin and have secretory granules in the ____ since they secrete these hormones into the ___
Enteroendocrine
Basal part of the cell
Lamina propria/into the blood
These cells are mostly located in the isthmus of their gland and serve to replace surface mucous cells and fundic gland cells
Progenitor cells
Cardiac vs pyloric glands
Differences and similarities
Cardiac have shallow gastric pits, pyloric have deep
Neither have parietal or chief cells
Both produce mucous (cardiac protects against reflux, pyloric protects the pyloric mucosa), and both have enteroendocrine cells
Muscularis mucosae of the esophagus vs oral cavity vs stomach
- Oral cavity does not have it
- Esophagus has longitudinal bundles
- Stomach has continuous sheet oriented orthogonally (circular and longitudinal)
Early vs late carcinomas of gastric epithelium
Early penetrate only submucosa
Late penetrate muscularis externa and further
The submucosa of the stomach is composed of ___
DICT
No glands
Meissner’s plexus
Layers of gastric muscularis externa
Inner oblique
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal
*other parts have inner circular and outer longitudinal
The myenteric nerve plexus (AKA __) is found where?
Auerbach’s plexus
Muscularis externa
*in the stomach it is between the middle circular and outer longitudinal layers
Serosa vs adventitia
Serosa: stomach and distal esophagus
Adventitia: esophagus
Normal layers of alimentary canal
- Mucosa
a. Epithelium
b. Lamina propria
c. muscularis mucosae - Submucosa
- Muscularis externa
- Serosa/adventitia
Muscularis externa
Smooth or skeletal?
Upper esophagus=skeletal
Middle esophagus=both
Everything else=smooth
Serosa vs adventitia
- Serosa: simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium, lines parts that are within the peritoneal cavity
- Adventitia: lacks simple squamous epithelium, lines parts outside of peritoneal cavity, loose CT
The oral cavity lacks what ?
Muscularis externa
Muscularis mucosae
Serosa/Adventitia
