Ideologies/Individuals Flashcards
(27 cards)
Who was at the forefront of progressive elements during the SSM?
Li Hongzhang
What was the goal of the May 4th movement?
reject Confucian/ancient beliefs and embrace western technologies
how did the may 4th movement arise?
Paris Peace Conference gave japan Shangdong Peninsula - 3000 people gathered at Tiannemen Square
Example of a Trade Union in Shanghai
Shanghai Commercial Association - represented Chinese business in the Treaty Port - anti Japanese boycotts and strikes - cooperation across all classes
Who was Cai Yuanpei?
President of Beijing University in 1911 - advocated adoption of western technology and encouraged students to study and travel in Europe
How did the New Culture Movement split in 1922?
Soviet Marxism, pragmatism, Guomingdang
What years was Soviet Marxism in China?
1920-1958
Mao’s perception of Stalin.
admired economic policy and focus on heavy industry
Sino- Soviet treaty
1950 - Soviet advisors to China for the first 5 year plan, troops for Korean war, nuclear capability
Command Economy
all economic decisions made by the state businesses have to meet the targets set by the government
What did the USSR demand from China?
raw materials such as antimony, Port Arthur, tungsten
What was the Maoist philosophy of ‘walking on two legs’?
self sufficiency, agriculture and industrial development
What was Maos economic goal for China after the death of Stalin in 1953?
overtake Britain’s economy in a decade
Agrarian Reform Law + impact
1950 - Mao ordered redistribution of land among the peasants
some peasants who were full time farmers lost the land and equipment they needed, others had more than they needed.
How many people died as a result of collectivism in the USSR during the 1930s?
3-5 million people in the Ukraine
What is Collectivism? what was the result
sharing land, livestock and tools
the equipment belonged to no one so was often not cared for
Villagers slaughtered their own livestock to prevent it belonging to the cadres
Cooperative
community owned - lost all rural private property
What is a TVEs?
Town Village Enterprise -Deng gave farmers freedom to produce whatever they wanted
brought small scale industry to China
SEZs
Special Economic Zones - businesses could operate with low taxation
Shenzen
1979 - fenced off from the rest of Guandong, close to Hong Kong allowed international trade. Economy grew by 75% between 81 - 85.
How much did the Chinese economy grow between 1981 - 1984?
9.6%
Financial liberalisation
removal of government intervention in economy
maximises profits
Li Hongzhang
SSM - set up CMSSC in 1872, traded and negotiated with foreigners
Sheng Xuanhuai
1897 - set up Imperial Bank of China
understood western capitalism and supported SSM