Ideologies/Individuals

Question 1

Who was at the forefront of progressive elements during the SSM?

Answer 1

Li Hongzhang

Question 2

What was the goal of the May 4th movement?

Answer 2

reject Confucian/ancient beliefs and embrace western technologies

Question 3

how did the may 4th movement arise?

Answer 3

Paris Peace Conference gave japan Shangdong Peninsula - 3000 people gathered at Tiannemen Square

Question 4

Example of a Trade Union in Shanghai

Answer 4

Shanghai Commercial Association - represented Chinese business in the Treaty Port - anti Japanese boycotts and strikes - cooperation across all classes

Question 5

Who was Cai Yuanpei?

Answer 5

President of Beijing University in 1911 - advocated adoption of western technology and encouraged students to study and travel in Europe

Question 6

How did the New Culture Movement split in 1922?

Answer 6

Soviet Marxism, pragmatism, Guomingdang

Question 7

What years was Soviet Marxism in China?

Answer 7

1920-1958

Question 8

Mao’s perception of Stalin.

Answer 8

admired economic policy and focus on heavy industry

Question 9

Sino- Soviet treaty

Answer 9

1950 - Soviet advisors to China for the first 5 year plan, troops for Korean war, nuclear capability

Question 10

Command Economy

Answer 10

all economic decisions made by the state businesses have to meet the targets set by the government

Question 11

What did the USSR demand from China?

Answer 11

raw materials such as antimony, Port Arthur, tungsten

Question 12

What was the Maoist philosophy of ‘walking on two legs’?

Answer 12

self sufficiency, agriculture and industrial development

Question 13

What was Maos economic goal for China after the death of Stalin in 1953?

Answer 13

overtake Britain’s economy in a decade

Question 14

Agrarian Reform Law + impact

Answer 14

1950 - Mao ordered redistribution of land among the peasants
some peasants who were full time farmers lost the land and equipment they needed, others had more than they needed.

Question 15

How many people died as a result of collectivism in the USSR during the 1930s?

Answer 15

3-5 million people in the Ukraine

Question 16

What is Collectivism? what was the result

Answer 16

sharing land, livestock and tools
the equipment belonged to no one so was often not cared for
Villagers slaughtered their own livestock to prevent it belonging to the cadres

Question 17

Cooperative

Answer 17

community owned - lost all rural private property

Question 18

What is a TVEs?

Answer 18

Town Village Enterprise -Deng gave farmers freedom to produce whatever they wanted
brought small scale industry to China

Question 19

SEZs

Answer 19

Special Economic Zones - businesses could operate with low taxation

Question 20

Shenzen

Answer 20

1979 - fenced off from the rest of Guandong, close to Hong Kong allowed international trade. Economy grew by 75% between 81 - 85.

Question 21

How much did the Chinese economy grow between 1981 - 1984?

Answer 21

9.6%

Question 22

Financial liberalisation

Answer 22

removal of government intervention in economy

maximises profits

Question 23

Li Hongzhang

Answer 23

SSM - set up CMSSC in 1872, traded and negotiated with foreigners

Question 24

Sheng Xuanhuai

Answer 24

1897 - set up Imperial Bank of China

understood western capitalism and supported SSM

Question 25

T V Soong, 1917 - 1930s

Answer 25

governor of The Bank of China,educated at Harvard, regulated banks savings rose by 600% by 1926 and 1931 set up shanghai stock market

Question 26

Mao Zedong

Answer 26

USSR relations, Cultural Revolution detrimental to economic and industrial growth, by 1969 steel product had fallen by 75% and electrics by 30%
Nixon visit in 1972 encouraged some scientific development

Question 27

Deng Xioping

Answer 27

pragmatist set up SEZs and TVEs
1978-97 avg growth rate of 10% per year 
100 million peasants moved to cities by 1997 
created a middle class 
1 country 2 systems