Booklet 2 Flashcards
What is the meaning of concessions?
Zones within major cities that were controlled by foreigners
What is the phrase meaning an overseas territory directly ruled by Britain?
Crown colony
Who were the progressive elements?
The members of the imperial court that wanted China to modernise
Who were the reactionaries in the court?
Those who opposed reform
What were the boxers?
Anti western secret societies
What was the open door policy?
The USA’s policy which aimed to prevent European powers imposing unfair commercial agreements on China.
What does indigenous mean?
Something unique to an area
What was the tongmenghui?
A Nationalist league who wanted China to become a republic
Who was Sun Yatsen?
A western educated doctor who wanted to adopt western ideals of democracy, nationalism and socialism. He was banished to Japan after 1895 when he tried to stage a coup.
When was the first sin Japanese war? why did it increase Japanese interest in China?
1894 - Japan gained Korea + Taiwan in the treaty of Shimonseki
What political changes took place between 1870 - 94? (4)
- Guangxu 1875-1908
- Zongli Yamen run by Prince Gong he was removed from power in 1884
- new western ideas of democracy + republic filter into China
- Creation of GMD
What economic changes took place in China between 1870 - 94? (3)
- industrialisation
- westerners controlled trade in the treaty ports
- HSBC
What social changes took place between 1870-94?(5)
- middle class grew as a result of industrialisation
- politically apathetic peasantry
- foreign laws enforced on Chinese (ET)
- 50 TPs by 1900
Self Strengthening Movement
What cultural changes took place in China between 1870-94? (4)
- foreign language schools
- educated abroad (eg) SYS)
- Western music, clothing etc; in TP eg) Shanghai
- more educated classes wanted to adopt/ adapt to expel the foreign devils
What years did the Meiji Revolution take place?
1868-73
What was the impact of The Meiji Revolution?
inspired by Prussia TMR was a fast paced industrial revolution which increased Japanese Military and Economic might
How did Japan’s Geography allow it to modernise more successfully than China?
smaller size = strong central government
Fra East - insulated from western interference
How did Japan’s Receptivity allow it to modernise more successfully than China?
Chinese had 2000 years of assumed cultural authority, Japan had historically ‘borrowed culture’ from Korea and China, so was not unusual. ADOPT/ADAPT
What are the CAUSES of the first Sino- Japanese war? (1894/5)
- shared influence in Korea - notify each other of presence
- Treaty of Gungwha between Korea and Japan in 1885 opened up ports in Japan increasing military might
- Tianjin convention - treated them as equals
- Meiji more successful than SSM