Booklet 5

Question 1

Who succeeded Mao after his death in 76?

Answer 1

Hua Guafeng

Question 2

When did Nixon visit China? What was the impact?

Answer 2

1972 - negotiation of sino - american contract, issue of Taiwan resolved

Question 3

When did China join the UN?

Answer 3

1971

Question 4

how long did Hua Guofeng hold power?

Answer 4

18 months

Question 5

Deng Xioping cat quote

Answer 5

‘it doesn’t matter if the cat is black or white, as long as it catches the mouse’

Question 6

how much did Chinese diplomacy increase between 1970 and 1989?

Answer 6

from 57 countries to 137

Question 7

When was the Tienanmen Square incident?

Answer 7

1989

Question 8

What happened at the Tienanmen Square protests?

Answer 8

student led pro democracy, sparked by lack of memorial for Hu Yaobang.Wei Jingsheng’s essay, 1986 economic slump –> stopped by military intervention

Question 9

how many troops were sent in to Tienanmen?

Answer 9

35,000 - told to ‘remove at all costs’

Question 10

What is ‘democratic centralism’?

Answer 10

‘uninformed people should be content to make enlightened government lead them’

Question 11

What were the benefits for China joining the IMF?

Answer 11

international trade/investment, supported Chinese development, decentralisation, acceptance of free market values

Question 12

Impact of IMF of China?

Answer 12

decision making no longer 100% state, improved taxation, increased transparency through reports

Question 13

Benefits of World Bank membership on China?

Answer 13

$200 million education loan, loans for improvement of infrastructure, totalling $30 billion, macro> micro economic approach, hydroelectric project commenced 1984

Question 14

impact of World Bank on China?

Answer 14

cost benefit analysis, environmental assessment, socialist market economy, fiscal reform

Question 15

When was China’s trade agreement with the EEC?

Answer 15

1978

Question 16

how much had trade with the EEC (now EU) increased by 1995?

Answer 16

$14 billion in 1978 to $45 billion in 1995

Question 17

where did Bilateral trade agreements emerge throughout the 1980s?

Answer 17

Africa - 1979 –> 1990 $51 million to Africa

Question 18

What were the benefits of trade with Africa to China?

Answer 18

outsource cheap labour, 3rd world countries not alligned with the west

Question 19

Why was it in China’s interest to cooperate with Japan?

Answer 19

technology/expertise, stable economy, geographical proximity

Question 20

Why was it in Japan’s interest to cooperate with China?

Answer 20

huge untapped market, natural resources, geographical proximity, meteoric rise

Question 21

What was the benefit of the 1972 Bilateral communique with Japan in 1972?

Answer 21

agree no superpower in Asia, Japanese expertise in exchange for raw materials and markets

Question 22

What was the result of the 1975 -78 Treaty of Peace and Friendship between China and Japan?

Answer 22

peaceful coexistence, not use force, China confirm no alliance with USSR

Question 23

What did Japan support in 1980?

Answer 23

Chinese entry into the world bank

Question 24

When was Hirohito’s visit to China, why was it significant?

Answer 24

1992 - first ever Japanese Emperor to visit China

Question 25

What caused improved relationships with America in the 1970s?

Answer 25

recognised the PRC in 1971, mutual enemy in USSR, Nixon visit 1972, Death of Mao 76, Deng Xioping

Question 26

when was Deng Xioping’s 9 day visit to America with Jimmy Carter?

Answer 26

January 1979 - embassies established, offered Mutual Defence Treaty of Taiwan, reasoned non violent diplomacy

Question 27

What did America introduce after Tienanmen Square?

Answer 27

arms sanctions

Question 28

What was held in Taiwan 1996?

Answer 28

diplomatic elections - PRC mobilised troops across Taiwanese straits

Question 29

who visited Bill Clinton in 1997?

Answer 29

Jiang Zemiin (Deng’s successor) - discussed human rights issues - Clinton’s regime ‘turned a blind eye’ due to shared economic interests

Question 30

When did the USSR collapse into 15 independent Nations?

Answer 30

1991

Question 31

What caused the collapse of the USSR?

Answer 31

• desire for independence, Gorbachev put under house arrest, peaceful protests attacked, commonwealth of independent states set up

Question 32

What impact did the collapse of the USSR have on China?

Answer 32

tensions surrounding the cold war era dissipated, improved relationship with USA
OR
socialism seemed doomed to fail

Question 33

In Guangzhou province in 1980 1.5% of households had TVs and washing machines

Answer 33

by 1993 99% had TVs and 97% had washing machines

Question 34

What emerged from the Joint Agreement 1984?

Answer 34

Hong Kong would be a Special Administrative System

with some independence

Question 35

What did Chris Patten attempt in the 1990s?

Answer 35

push democratic reform so that Hong Kong citizens would resent going back to China

Question 36

What was Deng’s Basic Law 1995?

Answer 36

no democratic reforms after 84 would be kept, adopt Chinese law

Question 37

What emerged from return?

Answer 37

rights protected for 50 years, 1 country 2 systems

Question 38

Why was the 1995 trade deal agreed?

Answer 38

$1.6 billion trade deal in exchange for toning down democracy

Question 39

What remained unchanged after 1997?

Answer 39

no general elections by HK citizens, English taught in all schools, border patrol, individual member of international organisations, interaction between China and HK treated as international eg) flights and phone calls, more political freedoms

Question 40

What changed after 1997?

Answer 40

Chief executive now elected from 1200 members, Royal title dropped from organisations, change to public holidays, Chinese education model