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China Revision > Communication and Transport > Flashcards

Communication and Transport Flashcards

1
Q

How many miles of railway were in China by 1881?

A

50

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2
Q

Why did Britain want control over Chinese waterways after 1860 treaty?

A

Control and return wealth to Britain

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3
Q

How were Chinese waterways prior to foreign intervention?

A

Traditional junks along rivers

Imperial Grand Canal - sections were over 2000 years old and had fallen into disrepair

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4
Q

Name a steam ship company in China in 1881

A

Yangtze steamer company

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5
Q

Describe the Chinese Merchant Steam Ship Company 4 points

A
  • started by Li Hongzhang as part of the Self Strengthening Movement
  • source of national pride
  • lack of focus on profit
  • heavily subsidised by financially unstable Quing
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6
Q

What did the USA send to Hankou in 1860?

A

Merchant ships

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7
Q

How did communication and transport changes contribute towards the 1900/01 boxer rebellion?

A

Chinese people felt resentful and fearful of change - against foreigners

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8
Q

What foreign ships were bombed by the Japanese in Nanjing in 1937?

A

HMS Bee and USS Panay

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9
Q

What did the foreign powers have in treaty ports that weakened Quings economy?

A

Extra territoriality

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10
Q

What was the result of an influx of cheaper imported goods?

A

Weakened artisan economy

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11
Q

What did the boxer rebellion target in 1898?

A

The new railways

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12
Q

Trans Siberian railway construction begins…

A

…1897

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13
Q

Chinese Eastern Railway

A

1903 - debate over ownership USSR Japan etc;

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14
Q

When was the board of communication and finance set up

A

1903

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15
Q

When was the French Belgian railway set up and where?

A

1904 - North East

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16
Q

Rights recovery movement

A

1904

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17
Q

When and why did the quing purchase and dismantle foreign railways?

A

1911 - to appease Chinese peasants who feared foreign expansion

18
Q

What was SYS goal in 1911?

A

To build 70 000 miles of railway

19
Q

What did the GMD actively encourage in 1928?

A

Foreign investment in railways

20
Q

What was developed in 1931?

A

Manchuko railway network

21
Q

Chiangs 5 year plan

A

1936

22
Q

What occurred between 1949-65

A

PRC nationalised railway and built 7000 miles of track per year

23
Q

What happened between 1952 - 57

A

First 5 year plan relied on railway expansion gained control of Manchuria

24
Q

What proportion of railways were built to support mao’s defensive third line in 1964?

A

60%

25
Q

Red Army Corps

A

1965

26
Q

How much did the rail transport decline due to the cultural revolution?

A

20%

27
Q

Government introduce Decision on improving railways

A

1975

28
Q

What years were the Baoshan steel complex worked on?

A

Late 19th century - SSM

1980 +

29
Q

What were 2 causes of road development?

A

Rural roads were unsuitable for heavy usage

Encirclement campaigns against the communists in jiangxi mountains

30
Q

What were some challenges to road building in China?

A

Embezzlement and corruption

31
Q

What was the impact of road development?

A

Employment - well respected
By 1936 there were 71,457 miles of road
1500 created for encirclement campaigns

32
Q

What were the causes of telegraph development?

A

European concessions
Li Hongzhang and the SSM
wanted to combat western advantages

33
Q

What were the challenges to telegraph development?

A

Quing government suspicious of foreign intentions/ tech
Anti foreign pressure from nationalists

Urban Chinese and Chinese in foreign countries could send money to families

34
Q

What nation developed the telegraph in the 1920s and 30s

A

USA

35
Q

What were the causes of Air Transport development?

A

Militarisation

36
Q

How many new airports were created in the early 1990s?

A

19

37
Q

Why was the cultural revolution detrimental to air transport development?

A

Mao viewed air transport as bourgeoise and capitalist

38
Q

Why was there a slump in air travel economy by 1997?

A

Not a high demand for air travel

39
Q

When was the CAAC made independent of the state?

A

1980

40
Q

What was the impact of air travel?

A

Travel for education, increased mobility of China’s airforce

China Revision (7 decks)

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