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China Revision > Booklet 4 > Flashcards

Booklet 4 Flashcards

Sino-Soviet split 1958 - 1969

1
Q

What happened to China after WW2?

A

the north was liberated by the USSR, the south by the allied forces, russia gave manchuria to the CCP, Marshall mission (USA try to salvage united front)

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2
Q

what were the results of the chinese civil war 46-49?

A

CCP vs GMD, CCP defeat GMD - Chiang resigns and flees to Taiwan

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3
Q

when was the PRC established?

A

1st october 1949

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4
Q

why was the first 5 year plan good?

A

equal rights for women, APCs founded

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5
Q

what were the results of the 1950 sino soviet treaty?

A

China sent troops to Korea againt UN, China get money, a PROMISE of nuclear weaponary, weapons, advisors

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6
Q

what did kruschkev say in his secret speech of 1956?

A

encouraged destalinisation, wanted to separate USSR from Stalin

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7
Q

why did the secret speech anger Mao?

A

rejected Maoism (peasant com), criticised the ‘cult of personality’

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8
Q

what did the USSR ask of the chinese? (3 things)

A

Joint pacific navy fleet, longwave radio station, repairs in ports

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9
Q

what were the causes of the Taiwan Crisis (1958)?

A

recognised by the USA as chinas official government, potential springboard for USA to attack China

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10
Q

what were Mao’s intentions when attacking Taiwan?

A

increase nationalism, unite taiwan with mainland china

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11
Q

how did the Taiwan Crisis strain USSR/PRC relations?

A

USSR sais they would support China against US if US were aggressors on Chinese soil, but privately urged caution for fear of WW3

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12
Q

when was the 100 flowers campaign?

A

1957

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13
Q

Great Leap Forward

A

1958-1962 - ‘Maoism’ and ‘walking on two legs’ emphasis on self sufficiency and mass industrialisation.
the targets of the peoples communes inflated to fund industrialisation process and health/ education

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14
Q

the 1959 Lushan Conference

A

discuss progress of the great leap forward
Peng replaced by Lin Biao as defence minister due to suspicion of his involvement with the USSR
anti rightest campaign launched

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15
Q

When did the soviets withdraw economic assistance from China?

A

1960 - due to the economic insecurity created by the great leap forward, withdrew economic support, and nuclear blueprints

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16
Q

How many people emigrated from Xinjing province to the USSR between 1961 and 1962?

A

70,000 - due to famine

caused tension as Mao thought Krushkev was trying to destabilise maoism

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17
Q

Why did the Sino - Albanian alliance emerge?

A
  • peasant subsistence, Stalinist, revolutionary - against peaceful co existence
  • Mao wanted to help Abania as it got him a foothold in eastern europe
  • ally for peasant communism
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18
Q

How did the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 affect sino-soviet relations?

A
  • USSR gave nuces to Cuba - promised to china in 1950

- Mao believed Khrushchev was a coward - nuclear war was necessary for the spread of world wide communism

19
Q

Why did the Nuclear Test Ban treaty of 1963 upset Mao and China?

A

belief that this was ‘Great Power Chauvinism’ - exclusion of China
still hadn’t fulfilled SST of 1950

20
Q

When did China gain nuclear capability?

A

1964

21
Q

Where was the worse impact of TGLF?

A

Tibet - 25% of population dead - 1 million

22
Q

How many Tibetan resistance fighters were killed during the Reunification campaign of 1950?

A

60,000

23
Q

What was the ‘Reign of Terror’ 1950+?

A

attempt to wipe out social, cultural, and religious identity in Tibet

24
Q

What was Tibet renamed?

A

Xizang

25
Q

What was prohibited in Tibet

A

teaching of tibetan history/ language, political meetings, Lama (Tibetan Buddhism)

26
Q

what attempted to ‘swamp’ tibetan culture?

A

mass migration of Han Chinese - imposed Mandarin as official language

27
Q

Why was Tibet so badly affected by TGLF?

A

forcibly introducing Chinese agricultural methods, suppressed traditional Yak herding and oat farming

28
Q

What was reported by the Panchen Lama’s 1960-62 secret tour?

A

20% of each village was in jail, 50% of prisoners died, detailed horrors of famine… Panchen Lama was then arrested by Mao

29
Q

What were the aims of The Cultural Revolution?

A
  • purge China of ‘rightists’ (Mao labelled them ‘Chinese Khrushchevs)
  • reassert power following devastation of The Great Leap Forward
  • remove ‘4 olds’
30
Q

Who were the Gang of 4?

A

Mao’s closest (more Maoist than Mao)

included wife Jiang Quing

31
Q

how many more aeroplanes arrived at the USSR border between 63 and 68?

A

200 aeroplanes to 1200

32
Q

border conflict of 1969 at the Ussuri river

A

Chinese ambush killed 60 - retaliation of missile attack killed 800

33
Q

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine (1968)?

A
  • stated that the USSR would intervene overseas if traditional communism was threatened
34
Q

what did Zhou Enlai call the USSR?

A

‘fascists’

35
Q

when did both nations recall their advisers?

A

1967

36
Q

When was Khrushchev replaced by Brezhnev?

A

1964

37
Q

What was the Malinovsky affair?

A

following Brezhnev’s appointment in 1964 Malinovsky (USSR Defence Secretary) stated ‘we have removed our fool Khrushchev, you should follow by deposing of your fool Mao’
- played on Mao’s paranoia - fear of USSR lead coup

38
Q

When was The Ninth Party congress?

A

1969 - demonstrated increased militancy - 45% of members were part of the military

39
Q

1971 Lin Biao

A

tried to stage a coup against Mao by blowing up train
failed
escaped but there was a suspicious plane crash

40
Q

When did Mao die?

A

9th September 1976

41
Q

How many students stopped attending school during TCR?

A

130 million

42
Q

how many young people were moved to the countryside 1967-72?

A

12 million

43
Q

What was the impact of TCR on education?

A

fewer than 1% had a degree and 35% had an education past 12, politicised and schools closed

China Revision (7 decks)

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