Identity Gender

Question 1

What are the 6 ways that school shapes peoples gender identities?

Answer 1

Male peer groups
Teachers and discipline
Double standards
Verbal abuse
Female peer groups
Male gaze

Question 2

Ao1 and Ao3
Male peer groups

Answer 2

They use verbal abuse to reinforce their definitions of masculinity can be seen in Willis boys anti school subcultures
Mac an Ghail shows her peer groups reproduce a range of different class based masculine gender identities
For example, the macho lads in the study were dismissive of other working class boys who worked hard.

Ao3
That has been a generational change and the new man concept exist in todays society

Question 3

Ao1 and Ao3
Teachers and discipline

Answer 3

Male teachers told off boys for behaving like girls and teased them when they achieved lower than female students
Francis found out girls are expected to be quiet and conform and girls who do not conform may be punished more heavily than boys who behave in the same way.

ao3
Not all girls are conforming for example tomboys

Question 4

Ao1 and Ao3
the male gaze

Answer 4

Mac an Ghail refers to male gaze as a way of seeing them as sexual objects he argues that the male gaze is a form of surveillance which dominant masculinity is reinforced
For example through telling of sexual conquests but boys who do not display heterosexuality in this way risk being labelled as gay

Ao3
Policies exist in school to tackle issues such as sexism and discrimination

Question 5

Ao1 and Ao3
Double standards

Answer 5

Happens when we apply one set of moral standards to one group but a different set to another
In the case of gender identity boys boast about their sexual adventures but if a girl did this she would get called a slag
These experiences reinforce hegemonic masculinity

Ao3
Feminists see these as double standards as an example of patriarchal ideology and is seen as a form of social control that reinforces gender inequality

Question 6

Ao1 and ao3 verbal abuse

Answer 6

Francis found boys often dominate classroom and often belittle the ideas of girls
They belittle behaviour they see as girly or gay as for being friendly with girls which then reinforces heterosexual masculinity

Ao3
Subjects taught in schools such as PSHE and citizenship which promotes equality and respect amongst children

Question 7

Ao1 and ao3 female peer groups

Answer 7

Archer that working class girls gained a symbolic capital but performing a hyper heterosexual feminine identity
This involves the way the dress, for example constructing a sexy appearance using brands such as Nike if girls fail to conform they risk being called a tramp

Ao3
This is the same in middle class where females are called boffins where they are excluded from both male and female peers