ICS - Immunology Flashcards
what is innnate imunity
instinctive, non specific does not depend on lymphocytes, it is presant from birth
what is adaptive immunity
specific and learned. it requires lymphocytes and antibodies
noth innate and adaptice immunity are made up of cells and soluble factros (humoral)
what is teh main purpose of eh immune system
to distuingish between self and non self
when you centrifuge a blood sample, what 3 layers are presant
plasma, tehn teh buffy coat of leukocytes, then teh lower layer of erthrocytes and platelets
what is serum
plasma witjout fibrinogen and other clotting factors
what are the three polymorphonucleur leukocytes
eosinophil. neutrophil, basophil
what are teh mononumcleur leukocytes
monocytes, t cells, b cells
what do monocytes turn into
macrophages whihc are static in tissues
what do b cells turn into
plasma cells
what do t cells turn into
t regulator, t helper, cytotoxic, th17
what are the three immune cells whihc are in a catogry by themselves
mast cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cels (macropgages in teh skin)
what are teh 4 soluble factors
complement, antibodies, cytokines and chemokines
what are complement factors
serum priotines secreted by the liver that need to be activated to be functional
what are teh modes of action for complement factors
direct lysis, attract more leukocytes, coat invading organism
how do antibodies work
bind to antigens, are soluble
what are teh 5 classes of imunoglobulins
GAMED
what is teh structure of an antibodies
it is Y shaped, with an Fc (commen end) and then FAB ends which are specific to teh antigens, it is made of a heavy chain and a light chain
what is teh most commen tyrp of antibody
IgG, it can go anywhere
infomation about IgM
it is a large molecuke and is resticted the blood
what is IgA
it is secreted in everything - saliva, breastmik, vaginalk fluids. It is important for killing things outsode of teh body
wha are teh functions of antibodies
act as opsiion
agglutination
anti toxin
what is a cytokine
protiens secreted by the immun and non immune cells
what are teh 5 groups of cytokines
interferons
interluikins
colony stimuluating factors
tumour nectosis factor
chemokines
what is an interferon
a cytokine whihc induces a state of antiviral resistance in uninfected cells