IBD 3 - IBD therapy Flashcards
What are the 3 therapeutic strategies that can be used to treat IBD?
Lifestyle adviceDrugsSurgery
Is diet implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD?
No but it can influence symptoms
What is the common theme of all drug therapies?
They have an anti-inflammatory effect (you should tailor the drugs to the patients needs e.g. mild/ moderate/ severe relapse, tropical, oral, IV administration?
What are the drug therapy options for UC? (4)
5ASA (mesalazine)SteroidsImmunosuppressantsAnti-TNF therapy
What are the drug therapy options for Crohn’s disease? (3)
SteroidsImmunosuppressantsAnti-TNF therapy(used to use mesalazine but shown to be as effective)
How does mesalazine work?Effect on risk of colon cancer?Side effects? (2)
It has a topical effect having anti-inflammatory propertiesReduces risk of colon cancerDiarrhoeaIdiosyncratic nephritis
What is a prodrug?
a medication or compound that, after administration, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug.
What does the fact that 5-ASA are pro-drugs mean?
The active components are released in the colon depending on different factors such as pH, etc.
What type of topical preparations of mesalazine do you get?(2)
SuppositoriesEnemas
What are some examples of 5-ASA conjugates?
SulphasalazineBalsalazideMezavantAsacol (pH release)Pentasa (delayed release)
Where is pentasa released?
From the duodenum to the colon (unlike the other drugs whcih are either released in the ileum or colon)
What is the advantage and disadvantage of using suppositories over enemas?
Suppositories coat
What aids spread of foam and liquid enemas?
Reflex contraction
How much of an enema stays in the rectum?
less than 10%
What type of enemas do patients prefer?
Foam enemas as it doesn’t make them feel like they need to pass stool
What properties do corticosteroids have?
Systemic anti-inflammatory properties
Examples of corticosteroids? (2)
Prednisolone (oral or topical)Budesonide
What is the purpose of corticosteroids?What is the risk with corticosteroids?What should corticosteroids therefore be used as a bridge to?
To induce remission (short course - start a high dose initially and reduce over 6-8 weeks)Patients can become dependent on themMaintenance therapy
What are the side effects of steroids?
Musculoskeletal (avascular necrosis, osteoporosis)GICutaneous (acne, thinning of skin)Metabolic (weight gain, diabetes, hyerptension)NeuropsychiatricCataractsGrowth failure
If steroids are not effective, what is then used?
Immunosuppression
What is immunosuppression used for in UC?
“steroid-sparing agents”
What is immunosuppression used for in Crohns?
Maintenance therapy
What are 3 examples of immunosuppressive drugs used to treat Crohns and colitis?
AzathioprineMercaptopurineMethotrexate (used rarely)
Azathioprine:onset of action?What enzyme contributes to toxicity?What drug should not be prescribed with this?What should be regularly monitored in patients on this?Side effects (4)?
Slow onset (16 weeks)TPMTAvoid co-prescription of allopurinol (XO inhibitor)Regular blood monitoring requiredPancreatitis LeucopaeniaHepatitssmall risk of lymphoma and skin cancer