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d&t test 6 - endocrine, dermatology, msk > Hypothalamus-Pit-Adrenal axis > Flashcards

Hypothalamus-Pit-Adrenal axis Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

name the 2 inhibitory hormones released by hypo

A

Somatostatin, PIH (dopamine)

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2
Q

What is Ppit derived from? (2)

A

derived from neuroectoderm

downgrowth of 3rd ventricle

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3
Q

What is Apit derived from? (2)

A

Oral ectoderm

Derived from Rathke’s pouch (roof of pharynx)

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4
Q

What i slocated in sella turcica?

A

Apit

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5
Q

Color of each on stain:
Chromophobes-
Acidophils
Basophils

A

Chromophobes- don’t stain (clear)
Acidophils (pink)
Basophils (purple)

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6
Q

ACTH, MSH: cell type, stain

A

corticotroph, basophilic

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7
Q

TSH: cell type, stain

A

thyrotroph, basolphilic

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8
Q

FSH, LH: cell type, stain

A

gonadotroph, basophilic

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9
Q

GH: cell type, stain

A

somatotroph, Acidophilic

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10
Q

prolactin: cell type, stain

A

lactotroph, acidophilic

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11
Q

mammosomatotroph: what homos (2)? stain?

A

GH, PRL, acidophilic

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12
Q

ACTH: stimulated by, stimulates what gland to relaese what?

A

CRH –> ACTH –> adrenals to release Cortisol

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13
Q

where are the homos from Ppit released?

A

directly into blood vessels

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14
Q

2 functions of oxytocin

A

precipitates childbirth, lactation

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15
Q

Define difference between primary and secondary endocrine disorders

A

Primary: target endocrine organ is fucked
Secondary: Pituitary itself is fucked

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16
Q

Midline defect congenital cause of hypopituitarism

A

Septo-optic dysplasia

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17
Q

two suprasellar tumor types that cuase hypopit

A

glioma, craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

Cranio[haryngioma: derived from

A

rathke’s pouch

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19
Q

Cranio[haryngioma: age ?

A

bimodal: 5-15, >65

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20
Q

cp of cranioPharyngioma (2)

A

pit hypofunction, GH deficiency

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21
Q

Histo of cranio[haryngioma

A

clacifications

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22
Q

Cause of sheehan synd

A

Post-partum ischemic necrosis of pituitary

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23
Q

presentation of sheehan

A

LH/FSH, ACTH, TSH deficiency

Pathoma- LH deficeincy –> poor lactation, pubic hair loss, fatigue

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24
Q

Pituitary apoplexy:

cause, CP

A

cause: hemorrhage of adenoma
CP: hypopit

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25
Q

cause of septo-optic dysplaisia

A

Genetic - (HESX1, SOX1 gene mutations)

26
Q

What is wrong in septo-optic hypoplasia

A

optic nerve hypoplasia plus absence of septum pellucidum–. often blind

27
Q

rathke’s cleft pouch has what effect on pit?

A

fluid filled cyst in the posterior portion of Apit

28
Q

Acquired hypopit follows what sequence of homo loss

A

GH –> LH/FSH –> TSH –> ACTH (least to most essential for life)

29
Q

What happens to GH after relase? where?

A

GH gets conversted to IGF-1 in the liver

30
Q

What inhibits GH release-3

A

malnutrition
illness
hyperclycemia

31
Q

What stimulates GH release -4

A

deep sleep
stress
exercise
hypoglycemia

32
Q

IGF-1 has what 4 roles

A
  1. bone turnover
  2. linear growth promotion
  3. Increased lipolysis
  4. decreased Muscle glucose uptake (tries to increase BS)
33
Q

Classic feature of pedriatric GH deficieincy

A

microphallus

34
Q

How is GH stimulation test administered

A

insulin induces hypoglycemia which os normally met with a rise in GH.

35
Q

Lack of GH leads to what (3)

A

increased CVD
fatigue, anxiety, depresion
premature death

36
Q

MC cz of hyperpit

A

Pituitary Adenoma (

37
Q

MC pituitary adenomas produce what 2 homos

A

PRL and GH are

38
Q

age range of pit adenomas

A

35-60

39
Q

Which type of tumor is most often non-functioning (hormone negative)? micro- or macro?

A

macroadenoma?

40
Q

MC local mass effect of pit adenoma

A

bitemporal hemianopia

41
Q

pit adenomas assc with what MEN syndrome

A

MEN1

42
Q

****MC type of hyperfunctioning adenoma

A

prolactinoma

43
Q

imaging of prolactinoma

A

“pituitary stone” = calcification = dark space inside pituitary gland

44
Q

****SX of prolactinemia (4)

A

Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, loss of libido and infertility

45
Q

What is the Stalk Effect

A

mass in suprasellar area disturbs normal inhibitory influence of hypothalamus on prolactin

46
Q

3 “other causes of prolactinemia

A

drugs
renal failure
hypothyroidism - lots of TRH stimulates prolactin release

47
Q

What type and 2 examples of medications for hyperpit

A

dopamine receptor agonists:
bromocriptine
cabergoline

48
Q

Gigantism is caused by

A

GH hypersecretion before closure of epiphyseal plate

49
Q

Dx of GH adenoma (2)

A

^ serum GH and IGF1

Failure to suppress GH in oral glucose test

50
Q

What drug class treats GH adenoma

A

GHRH agonsists

51
Q

Cushing disease: arises where, what imbalance

A

pituitary oversecretion of ACTH –> hypercortisol

52
Q

WHat is cuase and mechanism of Nelson Syndrome

A

removal of adrenal glands–> increased CRH release –> hyperACTH (cortisol is not made)

53
Q

2 signs of gonadotroph adenoma

A

Decreased libido, amennorhea

54
Q

How is a pit CA diagnosed?

A

Must demonstrate metastasis to LN, liver, bone

55
Q

If responds to ADH administration, what type os diabetes insipidus?

A

Central

56
Q

Diagnosis of Diabetes insipidus

A

↓ urine osmolality and sp. gravity with ↑ serum sodium (dt relative water loss) and osmolality

57
Q

electrolyte imbalance in SIADH

A

hyponatremia

58
Q

MC cause of SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of lung

59
Q

Even Though total body water is increased, blood volume remains normal so what does not develop in SIADH

A

NO peripheral edema

60
Q

oxytocin deficiency causes what 2 problems on pregancy

A
  1. Prolonged labor

Difficulty with lactation

d&t test 6 - endocrine, dermatology, msk (22 decks)

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