Hypothalamic Flashcards
secreted from anterior pituitary
associated with JAK tyrosine
somatotropin
responsible for long bone growth
IGF-1
stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1
anabolic effects in muscle
catabolic effects in adipose tissue, reduced adiposity, increase muscle mass
Somatotropin
useful in GH def and idiopathic short stature, increasing growth in Turner syndrome, increasing growth in Prader Willi syndrome
Somatotropin
malignancy, papilledema, visual disturbances, GH replacement therapy can cause diabetes mellitus
used in chronic renal failure
toxicity of somatotropin
treats growth failure due to severe IGF-1 deficiency
can cause hypoglycemia
mescasermin
causes acromegaly and gigantism
GH secreting pituitary adenoma
treats acromegaly and gigantism, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors, insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastronome, and can control bleeding of esophageal varices
octreotide
inhibits secretion and production of GH
octreotide
ADR: GI side effects, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, causes steatorrhea
octreotide
blocks GH receptor (antagonists)
treats acromegaly
toxicity: increase liver enzymes
pegvisomant
blocks oxytocin receptor
decreases uterine contractions
given IV
used: tocolysis for preterm labor
toxicity: increase rates of infant death
atosiban
released from posterior pituitary
activates V receptors coupled by Gq
ADH/ vasopressin
causes vasoconstriction and increased BP
used to control variceal or colonic bleeding
SE: HTN, bradycardia
ADH activates V1 receptor on vascular smooth muscles
causes translocation of aquaporin 2 to the apical membrane and reabsorption of free water
used in central DI
ADH activates V2 receptor on basolateral membrane in collecting duct
treats nephrogenic DI
thiazides
treats lithium induced nephrogenic DI
amiloride
high specificity for V2 receptor
effects: kidney to decrease excretion of water, acts on extra renal V2 receptor to increase factor 8 and von willebrand factor
desmopressin
treats con willebrand dz, central DI, hemophilia A, night enuresis
desmopressin
causes hyponatremia
desmopressin
caused by overproduction of ADH
characterized by low blood sodium caused by tumor or injury
SIADH
treatments for SIADH
demeclocycline
convipatan
antagonist of vasopressin V1A and V2 receptor
increase renal excretion of water
txs SIADH
convipatan
tolvaptan
no fluids for 8 hrs
after 8 hrs desmopressin is admin
results: normal person after test urine osmotic >750
DI urine osmotic <300 after tes
- central DIL urine osmotic increase after AVP
- nephrogenic DI: urine osmp not changed by AVP
water deprivation test
