Alcohol

Question 1

ethanol has what order of kinetics

Answer 1

zero

Question 2

long term use induced p450

short term use inhibits p450

Answer 2

ethanol

Question 3

MOA: facilitates action of GABA at GABA A, dose dependent CNS depression, inhibits the ability of glutamate to activate NMDA, inhibits release of Ach in the brain

Answer 3

ethanol

Question 4

alcohol withdrawal sx 6-12 hrs

Answer 4

insomnia, tremor, anxiety, vomit, sweat

Question 5

alcohol withdrawal sx 12-14 hrs

Answer 5

hallucinations

Question 6

alcohol withdrawal sx 24-48 hrs

Answer 6

life threatening seizures

Question 7

alcohol withdrawal sx 48-72 hrs

Answer 7

delirium

Question 8

TX for alcohol withdrawal

Answer 8

manage thiamine and electrolytes
long acting benzos
non active metabolite benzo
intensity of withdrawal reduced by clonidine or propanolol

Question 9

lactate increase

glyceraldehyde - p increase, so TAG synthesis increase

Answer 9

alcohol increase NADH

Question 10

inhibits gluconeogenesis by inhibiting malate dehydrogenase

Answer 10

ethanol

Question 11

tx for acute alcohol intoxication

Answer 11

thiamine - prevents wernicke
glucose - tx hypoglycemia
electrolyte balance

do not use glucose first because it will make thiamine decrease due to its metabolism

Question 12

Rx of methanol poisoning

Answer 12

gastric lavage
ethanol given IV
fomepizole
bicarb
Hemodialysis

Question 13

CNS depression
severe metabolic acidosis after a delay 4-12 hrs
nephrotoxicity - deposition of oxalate crystal in renal tubular

Answer 13

ethylene glycol poisoning

Question 14

respiratory failure
severe anion gap metabolic acidosis
ocular damage - blindness (as little as 4 mL)

Answer 14

methanol poisoning

Question 15

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 15

fomepizole

Question 16

tx for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 16

fomepizole

Question 17

CNS depression
metabolic acidosis (ketones)
acetaldehyde toxicity

Answer 17

alcohol intox

Question 18

hypoglycemia 
fatty liver and lipemia
increase lactate production - metabolic acidosis
muscle wasting 
gout
increase risk of cancer and infections 

tolerance and dependence: physical and psychological

Answer 18

chronic alcoholism

Question 19

causes hangover sx’s: nausea, vomiting, headache, hypotension, combines with folate and thiamine

Answer 19

acetaldehyde

Question 20

inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 20

disulfiram