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Systems Physiology > Hypopituitary > Flashcards

Hypopituitary Flashcards

1
Q

What controls secretion by the anterior pituitary

A

Hypothalamic releasing and hypothalamic inhibitory hormones

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2
Q

Describe the origination and route of the hypothalamic releasing/inhibitory hormones

A

secreted in hypothalamus

and conducted to the anterior pituitary through minute blood vessels called hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels

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3
Q

What are the anterior and posterior pituitaries known as

A

Anterior - Adenohypophysis

Posterior - Neurohypophysis

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4
Q

What is TRH and what is its primary action on the anterior pituitary

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Stimulates secretion of TSH by thyrotropes

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5
Q

What is GnRH and what is its primary action on the anterior pituitary

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Stimulates secretion of FSH and LH by gonadotropes

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6
Q

What is CRH and what is its primary action on the anterior pituitary

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Stimulates secretion of ACTH by corticotropes
(adrenocorticotropic hormone controls cortisol production)

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7
Q

What is GHRH and what is its primary action on the anterior pituitary

A

Growth hormone releasing hormone

Stimulates secretion of growth hormone by somatotropes

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8
Q

What is another name for growth hormone inhibitory hormone and what is its primary action on the anterior pituitary

A

Somatostatin

Inhibits secretion of growth hormone by somatotropes

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9
Q

What is PIH and what is its primary action on the anterior pituitary

A

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin by lactotropes

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10
Q

What are the action of Thyrotrophin (TSH)

A

Uptake of Iodine
Synthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin (Tg) - acts as substrate for thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
Increased blood flow in pituitary gland and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of it

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11
Q

What are the actions of corticotrophin (ACTH)

A

Stimulates synthesis and release of steroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) from adrenal gland
Increases availability of cholesterol
Increases blood flow through adrenal gland
Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia of gland

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12
Q

Instead of LH and FSH being released by gonadotropes in females what is released in males

A

ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone) and FSH

NB (ICSH is basically LH)

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13
Q

What are the actions of Growth hormone

A

Increased somatomedin production (from liver and muscles i think), protein synthesis, AA uptake by skeletal muscle and synthesis of cartilage

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14
Q

Name some factors that stimulate growth hormone secretion

A 
Decreased blood glucose
Decreased blood free fatty acids
Increased blood amino acids
Starvation/fasting
Trauma, stress, excitement
Exercise
Deep sleep
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15
Q

Name some factors that inhibit growth hormone secretion

A 
Increased blood glucose
Increased blood free fatty acids
Aging
Obesity
somatostatin
growth hormone
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16
Q

What cells make up the posterior pituitary and describe their function/role

A

Mainly glial-like cells called pituicytes.
Pituicytes don’t release hormones, act as support structure for loads of terminal nerve fibres/endings from nerve tracts that originate in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus

17
Q

What controls secretion from the posterior pituitary

A

Controlled by nerve signals that originate in the hypothalamus and terminate in the posterior pituitary

18
Q

The bulbous nerve endings rlie on the surface of what in the posterior pituitary

A

capillaries

19
Q

What posterior pituitary hormones are in the secretory granules of the nerve endings

A
  1. antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin

2. oxytocin

20
Q

In which nuclei are ADH and oxytocin mostly formed

A

ADH in the supraoptic nuclei
Oxytocin in paraventricular nuclei
each nuclei can produce a bit of the other hormone

21
Q

Why are oxytocin and ADH partially similar in their functions

A

Similar amino acid sequence

22
Q

What is the primary stimulus for ADH and Oxytocin

A

ADH - high plasma osmolality

Oxytocin - descent of foetus

23
Q

What is the main disorder caused by lack of ADH

A

Diabetes inspires

Systems Physiology (28 decks)

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