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Systems Physiology > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of Connective Tissues

A

To provide structural, metabolic and defensive support for other tissues and organs

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2
Q

Describe the first 4 types of collagen and where they can be found in the body

A

Type 1 - thick bundles (bone)
Type 2 - thin, interwoven (cartilage)
Type 3 - delicate and branching (reticulin fibres)
Type 4 - meshwork forming (basement membrane)

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3
Q

What is the role of elastic fibres and what is their precursor

A 
Role = stretch and resilience
Precursor = tropoelastin
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4
Q

How does elastin form fibrils and where is it found

A

Forms fibrils with fibrillin that connects tropoelastin monomers together
Found in arteries, skin, lungs and cartilage (connective tissues)

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5
Q

What is the role of cartilage and what features of cartilage make it adapted for that

A

Structural role - solid but flexible, resists compression

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6
Q

What are the 3 kinds of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous

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7
Q

What are chondroblasts and where are they found

A

Immature cells that form cartilage.

Found in perichondrium - A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone

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8
Q

What are chondrocytes and what do they do

A

Mature cells that maintain cartilage

Found in lacunae surrounded by cartilage

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9
Q

Where can hyaline cartilage be found

A

Trachae, bronchi, sternal ends of ribs, nasal septum and joints

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10
Q

What role does hyaline cartilage have in bone development

A

Forms as a model template for bones in development

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11
Q

What is the difference between elastic and hyaline cartilage

A

Similar to hyaline, but with the incorporation of large amounts of elastic fibres

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12
Q

Where can elastic cartilage be found

A

Outer ear, epiglottis and larynx

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13
Q

Describe the structure of fibrocartilage

A

Alternating layers of cartilage matrix and collagen fibres

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14
Q

Where can fibrocartilage be found in the body

A

Intervertebral disks, knee joint meniscus and symphysis pubis

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15
Q

What are the roles of bones

A

Structural, locomotion, supportive, protective, metabolic, highly organised and metabolically active

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16
Q

How can tooth loss affect the alveolar bone

A

Results in reduction of mechanical strain in alveolar bone and subsequent ridge resorption

17
Q

What are osteocytes

A

mesenchymal, maintains bone and are mechanosensors

18
Q

What are osteoblasts

A

Mesenchymal, secretes osteoid

19
Q

What are osteoclasts

A

Hematopoietic, resorbs bone

20
Q

What is the organic matrix of bone known as and what is it mainly composed of

A

Osteoid

90% collagen + non-collagenous proteins

21
Q

What is the inorganic matrix of bone made up of

A

Calcium

Phosphorus

22
Q

What is osteoid

A

Unmineralised Ground Substance

23
Q

What is woven bone and describe its features

A

Formed first
Mechanically weak
Random organisation of collagen

24
Q

What is lamellar bone and describe its features

A

Mature ‘remodelled’ bone
Layers of organised collagen
Mechanically strong
Can be compact or trabecular

25
Q

How is lamellar compact bone organised

A

Organised into bony columns called osteons with central Haversian canals

26
Q

What do Haversian canals do

A

Convey blood to the surrounding osteocytes

27
Q

What is the periosteum

A

Vascular fibrocollagenous tissue that surrounds most of the outer surfaces of bones

28
Q

How is lamellar trabecular/cancellous bone organised

A

In beams or spicules along lines of stress, strong but lightweight

29
Q

How is blood supplied to lamellar trabecular/cancellous bone

A

no osteons, blood supply is from outer surfaces

30
Q

What fills the spaces between trabeculae

A

bone marrow

31
Q

Where in the bone can trabecular bone be found

A

In the medullary portion of the bone in the middle

32
Q

What is an osteon

A

Lengthwise bony column in compact bone with central haversian canal

33
Q

How is the osteon connected to the periosteum

A

Volkmann’s canals

34
Q

What is the endosteum

A

Delicate tissue that lines canals and is continuous with the periosteum

35
Q

What bone cells can be found in both the endosteum and periosteum

A

inactive osteoblasts

36
Q

What are canaliculi

A

Tiny canals that connect osteocytes to their blood supply

Systems Physiology (28 decks)

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