Anatomy of Chest and Respiratory Tree Flashcards
What are the 3 major compartments of the thoracic cavity
Left and Right Pleural Cavities, each surrounding a lung
The Mediastinum
What does the Superior Thoracic Aperture consist of
Body of the T1 vertebra posteriorly
Medial margin of rib 1 on each side
The manubrium of the sternum anteriorly
What forms the margins of the Inferior Thoracic Aperture
Bone
Cartilage
Ligaments
What is the mediastinum and where does it extend from anteriorly to posteriorly
A thick midline partition that extends from the sternum anteriorly to the thoracic vertebra posteriorly.
What separates the mediastinum into superior and inferior parts
A horizontal plane passing through the sternal angle and the intervertebral disc between vertebrae TIV and TV
What is the inferior mediastinum divided into
Pericardium that encloses the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart
What makes up the middle mediastinum
The pericardium and the heart
Where does the anterior mediastinum lie
Between the sternum and pericardium
Where does the posterior mediastinum lie
Between the pericardium and vertebrae
How does each lung remain attached to the mediastinum
By a root formed by the airway, pulmonary blood vessels, lymphatic tissues and nerves.
Where are the parietal and visceral plerua
Parietal is the outer lining of the cavity
Visceral is lining the surfaces of the lungs
What is found posterior to the thoracic wall
The 12 thoracic vertebrae and their intervening intervertebral discs.
What is found lateral to the thoracic wall
Wall is made of ribs, 12 on each side.
3 layers of flat muscles that span the intercostal spaces between ribs.
What do the 3 layers of flat muscles between the intercostal spaces do
Move the ribs and provide support
What is found anterior to the thoracic wall
Wall is made of sternum
What is the sternum made up of
The manubrium of the sternum, body of the sternum and xiphoid process.
Which ribs have 3 articulations with the vertebral column
Rib II - IX
What does each rib articulate with, in the vertebra
The head of each rib articulates with the body of its own vertebra and the body of the vertebra above. As these ribs curve posteriorly, each also articulates with the transverse process of its vertebra
Which part of which ribs articulate with the sternum
The costal cartilages of ribs I to VII articulate with the sternum.
What do the costal cartilages of ribs VIII to X articulate with.
The costal cartilages of ribs VIII to X articulate with the inferior margins of the costal cartilages above them.
Why are ribs XI and XII known as floating ribs
Their costal cartilages are small and only cover their tips and don’t articulate with other ribs, costal cartilages or the sternum.
What are the main 3 components of the posterior end of a rib
Head, neck and tubercle
Describe the head of the rib and its surfaces
Has 2 articular surfaces separated by a crest. The smaller superior surface articulates with the inferior costal facet on the body of the vertebra above.
Larger inferior facet articulates with the superior costal facet of its own vertebra.
Describe the neck of a rib
Short flat region of bone that separates the head from the tubercle.
Describe the tubercle
Tubercle projects posteriorly from the junction of the neck and the shaft and consists of the articular and non-articular region.
Describe the superior and inferior margin of the of the ribs
Superior = smooth and rounded Inferior = sharp
What is the angle of the ribs
The site just lateral to the tubercle where the shaft bends
What is the costal groove
This is the groove on the internal surface of the inferior margin
What lies in the costal groove along the inferior margin of the superior rib
Intercostal nerves and associated major arteries and veins. These pass in the plane between the 2 inner layers of muscles
What cavity surrounds the lungs
right and left pleural cavity
What does the base of the lungs sit on
The diaphragm
What structures pass through the hilum
A pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins, a main bronchus, bronchial vessels, nerves and lymphatics
Why is the right lung normally a little larger
The middle mediastinum, containing the heart, bulges more to the left than to the right
What is the root of the lungs
A short tubular collection of structures that attach the lung to structures in the mediastinum.
What is the sleeve that covers the root
The mediastinal pleura that reflects onto the surface of the lung as visceral pleura
Why is the right bronchus more likely to receive inhale foreign bodies
It is wider and makes a smaller angle with the trachea.
What structures are found in the conducting airways
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
What structures are found in the respiratory airways
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
