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Systems Physiology > Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Name the roles of Connective tissues

A
  • Provide binding and structural supporting
  • Protection
  • Energy storage (adipose)
  • Insulation (adipose)
  • Transportation (blood)
  • Immunity (blood)
  • Mineral storage (bone)
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2
Q

What are the 4 primary tissue types

A
  • Epithelial
  • Muscle
  • Nerve
  • Connective
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3
Q

What are the 5 types of connective tissue

A
  1. Fibrocollagenous tissues
  2. Adipose tissue
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone
  5. Blood
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4
Q

What are some characteristics of CT

give common origin

A
  • few cells compared to epithelia and other tissues
  • large amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) usually made by its
    intrinsic cells
  • common origin: embryonic mesenchyme
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5
Q

What does a -blast and -cyte suffix mean on a cell type

A
  • blast = immature
  • cyte = mature
    exceptions = fibroblast and adipocyte
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6
Q

What are the 3 main components of the ECM

A

A. ground substance
B. structural glycoproteins
C. collagen fibers

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7
Q

What is the ground substance

A
  • watery to gel-like
  • specific composition gives each connective tissue distinctive properties
  • composed of Gags, proteogylcans and glycoproteins
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8
Q

Name 2 main components of ground substance

A

1) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) – long unbranched polysaccaride chains
2) Proteoglycans – many GAG chains (all except hyaluronic acid) linked to a protein core

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9
Q

What about GAGs and proteoglycans allows them to form the ECF

A

Negatively charged, open conformations; retain water and positive ions (mostly Na+)

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10
Q

What are some of the roles of structural glycoproteins

A

linking, organising, catalysing

processes

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11
Q

Name some glycoproteins used in cell adhesion

A

Laminin

Fibronectin

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12
Q

Name a glycoprotein used in elastic fibre formation

A

Fibrillin

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13
Q

Name a glycoprotein used in bone mineralisation

A

Osteocalcin

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14
Q

What kind of fibres are found in CT and what are the used for

A

Collagen and Elastic fibers

- important for the mechanical properties of connective tissues

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15
Q

Where are fibre precursors secreted from and where do they polymerise

A

secreted by CT and polymerise outside the cell

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16
Q

What do collagen fibres provide to CT and what is their precursor

A

Tensile strength

Precursor = tropocollagen

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17
Q

What are the features of the different types of collagen and where are each used

A

Type I : thick bundles, very strong; dermis, bone
Type II: thin, interwoven fibers; cartilage
Type III: delicate branching reticular
Type IV: forms meshwork - important in the basement membrane

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18
Q

What do elastic fibres provide to CT and what is their precursor

A

Stretch and resilience

Tropoelastin

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19
Q

How does elastin form fibrils and where are elastic fibres found

A
  • Elastin forms fibrils with fibrillin

- arteries, skin, lung, cartilage

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20
Q

What role does fibrocollagenous CT tissue play and what cells make them up

A

Roles: Structural, supportive, protective
Cell: Fibroblast

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21
Q

What are the different types of fibrocollagenous tissue

A 
Loose CT (areolar)
Dense CT
Reticular CT (loose CT, but with type 3 collagen)
22
Q

What are the features of Loose (areolar) CT and what type of fibres make it up

A
  • Amount relative to ground substance
    • relatively few fibers
    • abundant viscous ground substance
  • Type I collagen with elastic fibers
23
Q

What roles do loose CT play

A

physical, metabolic and defensive support

24
Q

Give an example of Loose CT

A

Lamina propria

25
Q

Give examples of cell of loose CT

A

Mast cells, macrophages and lymphocytes

26
Q

Describe the features of dense CT and what types of fibres make it up

A 
Amount - many fibers, little ground substance
Organisation
- Random - dense irregular CT 
- Structured - dense regular CT
Type I collagen, some elastic fibers
27
Q

What are the main cells of Dense CT and what are the main roles of Dense CT

A

Cells: fibroblasts primarily
Role: mechanical support, tensile strength

28
Q

What are some examples of Dense CT

A
  • irregular CT - dermis, capsules

- regular CT - tendon, ligament

29
Q

Describe the features of reticular CT and what types of fibres make it up

A

Amount - few fibers, little ground substance
Organisation - fine branching network
Type - Type III collagen

30
Q

What are the main cells of Reticular CT and what are the main roles of Reticular CT

A

Cells: mainly fibroblasts
Role: structural support in some highly cellular tissues

31
Q

Give some examples of reticular CT

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, liver and other glands

32
Q

What are the cells of adipose tissue

A

Adipocytes

33
Q

What type of CT does adipose tissue contain

A

Loose CT

34
Q

Where is adipose tissue located

A

Located beneath skin, around internal organs, in bone marrow and breast tissue

35
Q

What are the 2 types of adipose tissue

A

White and brown

36
Q

Describe the characteristics of white adipose tissue

A 
- Unilocular -one
space for lipid 
- Adult
- Widespread
- Energy store, shock absorber, insulator
37
Q

What are the characteristics of brown adipose tissue

A
  • Multilocular - many spaces
  • Newborn
  • Restricted
  • Heat source
  • Rich in mitochondria (brown)
  • more capillaries than white
38
Q

What are the roles of cartilage

A

structural- solid but flexible, resists compression

39
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage and where can they found

A
  • Hyaline (most prevalent and widespread, found on many joint surfaces)
  • Elastic (outer eat, larynx)
  • Fibrocartilage (only type that contains type I coll in addition to the type II coll, pubic symphysis)
40
Q

Why does cartilage have a unique ground substance

A

Proteoglycans containing chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate linked to fibers

41
Q

What types of fibres are found in each type of cartilage

A
  • Hyaline: Type II collagen
  • Elastic: Type II collagen + elastic fibers
  • Fibrocartilage: Type II + type I collagen
42
Q

What are the cells that produce and maintain cartilage

A
  • Chondroblasts (form cartilage)

- Chondrocytes (maintain cartilage)

43
Q

What are the roles of bone

A

Structural, shape, locomotion, supportive, protective,

metabolic, synthetic

44
Q

What is the ground substance of bone called

A

Osteoid

45
Q

What types of fibre are found in the ECM

A
  • Type I collagen fibers- layers
    (lamellae) in mature bone
  • Arranged in layers / lamellae 3- 7μm thick
46
Q

What cells make, maintain and resorb bone

A
  • Osteocytes - maintain bone
  • Osteoblasts - secrete osteoid,
    form bone
  • Osteoclasts - resorb bone
47
Q

What are the roles of blood

A
  • metabolicsupport
  • for transport of molecules
    and cells to and from tissues
  • defensive
48
Q

What is the ground substance of the ECM of blood

A

Plasma

49
Q

Name some of the proteins found in blood

A
  • albumins (60%)
  • globulins (35%)
  • fibrinogen (4%, essential in the clotting of blood – fibrin)
  • regulatory proteins (1%, enzymes, proenzymes and hormones)
50
Q

What cells are found in blood

A

Formed in bone marrow

- erythrocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelets

Systems Physiology (28 decks)

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