Hypocalcemia Flashcards
1
Q
What value dictates hypocalcemia
A
<2.1mmol/L
2
Q
What are the causes of Hypocalcemia
A
Vitamin D deficiency -Malnutrition (Osteomalacia) -Malabsorption (coeliac and pancreatitis) -CKD Hypoparathyroidism -Post parathyroidectomy -inherited -pseudo Hyperphosphatemia -Tumour Lysis -Rhabdomyolysis Pancreatitis
3
Q
What are the clinical features of Hypocalcemia
A
SPASMODIC S- Spasm (Trousseau) P- Perioral paraethesia A- Anxiety S- Seizure M-Muscle increase O-Orientation Impaired D-Dermatitis I- Impetigo herpetiformis C-Chvostek's Sign
4
Q
What is Trousseau’s sign
A
Wrist flexion “mucho mucho”
5
Q
What is Chvostek’s sign
A
Twitching face in response to tapping
6
Q
What are the investigations for Hypocalcemia
A
ECG -arrythmia Bone profile PTH Vit D Amylase (pancreatitis) X-Ray (osteomalacia)
7
Q
What does a bone profile look at
A
Calcium Phosphate Albumin Total Protein ALP
8
Q
How do you manage mild hypocalcemia
A
Oral calcium supplements
9
Q
How do you manage severe hypocalcemia
A
IV Calcium Gluconate
10
Q
What is the long term management of Hypocalcemia
A
Treat cause
Calcium and Vit D intake
Alfacalciferol for CKD
Magnesium if concurrent hypomagnesia
