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ENDO > Hyperparathyroidism > Flashcards

Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperparathyroidism

A

Excessive production of PTH

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2
Q

What are the types of Hyperparathyroidism

A

Primary - 1+ glands produce excess PTH (Asymptomatic/hypercalcemia)
Secondary - kidney/liver disease causes Hypocalcemia so increase PTH release
Tertiary - CKD causes autonomous PTH release

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3
Q

What are the cause of Primary Hyperparathyrodisim

A

PTH adenoma
PTH Hyperplasia
Double Adenoma
PTH carcinoma

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4
Q

What are the signs of hypercalcemia

A

Moans (depression and lethargy)
Stones (renal stones)
Groans (GI SYMPTOMS)
Bones (Painful)

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5
Q

What are the causes of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

A 
Vitamin D deficient
Hypocalcemia
-Pancreatitis
-Rhabdomyolysis
Abnormal PTH
-CKD
-Pseudohypoparathyroidism
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6
Q

What are the causes of tertiary Hyperparathyroidsim

A

Prolonged Secondary causing PTH gland to be autonomous (CKD)

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7
Q

What is the management for hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathroidectomy

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for Hyperparathyroid

A

Neck Radiation
Family history
Work in nucleur power

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9
Q

What is the parathyroid

A

4 glands on the posterior aspect of the thyroid which is sensitive to calcium

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10
Q

What causes the release of parathyroid

A

Low calcium levels by Calcitonin negative feedback

Increases calcium levels

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11
Q

Where is calcitonin found

A

Parafollicular C cells of the Thyroid

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12
Q

What is the PTH action on bone

A

Increased bone resorption

  • Allow RANK L Signalling
  • Conver osteoblasts to osteoclasts
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13
Q

What malignancy can release PTH regardless of calcium levels

A

Neoplasms (SCLC, Breast and renal)

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14
Q

Are the levels of PTH and ALP in all types of hyperparathyroidism raised or reduced

A

Raised in all types for PTH and ALP

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15
Q

What are the levels of calcium in P/S and T Hyperparathyroidsim

A 
P = High calcium
S = Low calcium
T = High calcium
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16
Q

What are the levels of Phosphate in P/S and T Hyperparathyroidsim

A 
P = Low Phosphate
S = High Phosphate
T = High Phosphate
17
Q

What are the diagnostic tests in Hyperparathyroidism

A

1st = Serum PTH/Ca/P/ALP

18
Q

What investigations can be done for hyperparathyroidism

A

Serum PTH/Ca/P/ALP
Xray KUB - Renal stones
DEXA - Bone density
U+E - Renal function

19
Q

What would an ECG show in hyperparthyroidism

A

Short QT (Hypercalcemia)

20
Q

What is the main complication of hyperparathyroidism

A

Severe Hypercalcemia

-Give IV Fluid and Bisphosphonate

ENDO (24 decks)

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