Hypertensive Medications

Question 1

ACE inhibitors: Prototype

Answer 1

captopril [Capoten]
lisinopril
enalopril
ramipril

Question 2

ACE inhibitors: EPA

Answer 2

Block enzymes that convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, decreasing vasoconstriction and aldosterone as an effect. Results in retention of K+ and vasodilation

Question 3

ACE inhibitors: Therapeutic Use

Answer 3

Treatemnt of HTN and Heart failure

Question 4

ACE inhibitors: ADRs

Answer 4

Orthostatic hypotension, Dry non-productive cough, Hyperkalemia, Angioedema, Taste distortions, Rash

Question 5

ACE inhibitors: Contraindications

Answer 5

Pregnancy [teratogenic]
Avoid NSAIDs
Liver disease

Question 6

ACE inhibitors: Intervention

Answer 6

Avoid salt substitutes
Moniter K+ due to hyperkalemia potential

Question 7

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [ARBs]: Prototype

Answer 7

losartan [Cozaar]

Question 8

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [ARBs]: EPA

Answer 8

Blocks vasoconstricting and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. Increased renal bloodflow

Question 9

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [ARBs]: Therapeutic Use

Answer 9

Treatment of HTN, Stroke prevention [losartan only], Diabetic nephropathy, Heart failure.

Question 10

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [ARBs]: ADR’s

Answer 10

Angioedema, dizziness, Hypotension, Headache, and Insomnia

Question 11

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [ARBs]: Contraindications

Answer 11

Teratogenic, NSAIDs increase the risk of renal complications.

Question 12

Aldosterone Antagonists: Prototype

Answer 12

eplereone [Inspra]

Question 13

Aldosterone Antagonists: EPA

Answer 13

Blocks aldosterone receptors thereby blocking the effects of aldosterone.

Question 14

Aldosterone Antagonists: Therapeutic Use

Answer 14

HTN, and symptoms of heart failure following a myocardial infarction

Question 15

Aldosterone Antagonists: ADR

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia

Question 16

Aldosterone Antagonists: Contraindications

Answer 16

Avoid medications that raise potassium levels like ACE inhibitors. Avoid if breastfeeding. Caution in children. NSAIDs may decrease effects. Do not take if serum K levels are greater than or equal to 5 mEq/L

Avoid if the client is taking lithium because of the effects lithium has on the kidneys. Lithium blocks aldosterone as do Aldosterone Antagonists causing a multiplicative effect on the ADR.

Question 17

Direct Renin Inhibitors: Prototype

Answer 17

aliskiren [Tekturna]

Question 18

Direct Renin Inhibitors: EPA:

Answer 18

Binds with renin which inhibits the activation of angiotensin I

Question 19

Direct Renin Inhibitors: Therapeutic Use

Answer 19

HTN

Question 20

Direct Renin Inhibitors: ADRs

Answer 20

Diarrhea, Dyspepsia [Indigestion], Abdominal pain, Hyperkalemia [very rare], Angioedema, Dry non-productive cough [uncommon]

Question 21

Direct Renin Inhibitors: Contraindications

Answer 21

Pregnancy and lactation, hyperkaleimia, younger than 18, ACE and ARBS, increases blood levels of atorvastatin

Question 22

Calcium Channel Blockers: Protypes

Answer 22

nifedipine [Adalat / Procardia]
amlodipine [Norvasc]
verapamil [Calan]
diltiazem [Cardizem]

Question 23

Calcium Channel Blockers: EPA

Answer 23

Block calcium channels in smooth muscles and peripheral arteries

Question 24

Calcium Channel Blockers: Therapeutic Use

Answer 24

HTN, Stable angina

Question 25

Calcium Channel Blockers: ADRs

Answer 25

Reflex tachycardia, angina, vasodilatory effects, headache, dizziness, facial flushing, peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia.

Question 26

Calcium Channel Blockers: Contraindications

Answer 26

No grapefruit products
Avoid in children
2nd or 3rd degree heart block
BP and heart rate should be greater than 90

Question 27

Alpha 1 blockers: Prototypes

Answer 27

doxazosin [Cardura]
prazosin [Minipress]

Question 28

Alpha 1 blockers: EPA

Answer 28

Block alpha 1 receptors, causing areteriolar and venous dilation

Question 29

Alpha 1 blockers: Therapeutic Use

Answer 29

HTN and benign prostatic hypertrophy