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Pharmacology Medication Exam 2 > Coronary Artery and Cardiac Dysrhythmia Medication > Flashcards

Coronary Artery and Cardiac Dysrhythmia Medication Flashcards

1
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Prototype

A

atorvastatin [Lipitor]

Other:
simvastatin [Zocor]
lovastatin [Mevacor]
rosuvastatin [Crestor[

If it ends in statin its an HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors:

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2
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: EPA

A

Increase HDL and lowers LDL and total cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Which is an enzyme that synthesizes cholesterol in the liver

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3
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Use

A

Used to treat high cholesterol and prevent vascular disease

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4
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: ADR

A

Myopathy and hepatotoxicity

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5
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Contraindications

A

Teratogenic
Liver disease
ETOH use
Grapefruit
Warfarin + Statin increases the risk of bleeding.

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6
Q

Fibrates: Prototype

A

gemfibrozil [Lopid]
Other
fenofibrate [Tricor]

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7
Q

Fibrates: EPA

A

increases oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and tissues these decreasing production of triglycerides

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8
Q

Fibrates: Therpeutic Use

A

Most effective for reducing serum triglycerides, increasing HDLs too

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9
Q

Fibrates: ADR

A

GI effects, hepatotoxicity, gallstones, and myopathy

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10
Q

Fibrates: Contraindications

A

Avoid in someone with gallbladder disease
Liver disease
Severe renal impairment
Warfarin increases the risk of bleeding
The risk of myopathy increases with statin use.

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11
Q

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers: Prototype

A

lidocaine

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12
Q

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers: EPA

A

Blocks Na+ channels thereby shortening the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle. Causes decreased rate of contractions

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13
Q

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers: Therapeutic Use

A

Treats serious VENTRICULAR DYSRYTHMIAS associated with MI, cardiac cath, and surgery

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14
Q

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers: ADR

A

Hypotension, Bradycardia, other dysrhythmias, and anxiety

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15
Q

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers: Contraindications

A

Untreated bradycardia or heart block
Pregnancy and Lactation

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16
Q

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers: Prototype

A

flecainide [Tambocor]

17
Q

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers: EPA

A

Blocks Na+ channels to slow conduction velocity and the refractory period

18
Q

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers: Therapeutic Use

A

Treat atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation

19
Q

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers: ADR’s

A

Worsening of heart failure, potential or other dysrhythmias, and widens QRS complex

BLACK BOX: Can cause fatal arrhythmias and death in patients with recent MI

20
Q

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers: Contraindications

A

Heart block and Heart failure

21
Q

Class III Potassium Channel Blockers: Prototype

A

amiodarone [has one of the longest half-lives of any drug at 30 days]

dofetilide [Tikosyn] is another drug that is used to treat a-fib though patients need to be on watch since it can cause torsades de pointe which is a type of vtach.

22
Q

Class III Potassium Channel Blockers: EPA

A

Blocks K+ channels in turn slowing the repolarization and prolonging the refractory period of the heart cycle

23
Q

Class III Potassium Channel Blockers: Therapeutic Use

A

Treats various life-threatening ventricular and/or atrial tachydysrhythmias

24
Q

Class III Potassium Channel Blockers: ADR

A

Fatal dysrthmias and Hypotension

BLACK BOX: Long term use can cause fatal pulmonary toxicity

25
Q

Class III Potassium Channel Blockers: Contraindications

A

Heart block, Heart failure, Teratogenic, DO NOT TAKE WITH GRAPEFRUIT and increases effects of beta-blocker/oral anticoagulants/digoxin/phenytoin

26
Q

Adenosine

A

Treats SVT
Acts like a calcium channel blocker
VERY SHORT HALF LIFE SO MUST BE GIVEN FAST through IV

27
Q

Magnesium

A

Treats torsades de point
Give IV in acute setting and PO in outpatient

28
Q

Nitrates: Prototype

A

Nitroglycerin

29
Q

Nitrates: EPA

A

Converts into nitric oxide which is a potent vasodilator. relieves angina pain by venous dilation arteriole dilation, and CA dilation

30
Q

Nitrates: Therapeutic Use

A

Management / Treatment of acute chest pain

31
Q

Nitrates: ADRs

A

Headache, Hypotension, Dizziness, Bradycardia, Syncope

32
Q

Nitrates: Contraindications

A

Severe anemia, Hypotension, Hypovolemia, AVOID SILDENAFIL { VIAGRA} use caution in renal impairment

33
Q

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers: Prototype

A

diltiazem [Cardizem]
verapamil [Calan]

34
Q

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers: EPA

A

Blocks Ca2+ channels causing a sloer conduction through SA and AV nodes

35
Q

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers: Therapeutic Use

A

Used to treat atrial tachycarida

36
Q

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers: ADR

A

Dizziness, Bradycardia, and Heart block

37
Q

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers: Contraindications

A

Heart block and Heart failure.

Pharmacology Medication Exam 2 (11 decks)

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