Hypertension Pharm Flashcards
1
Q
Antihypertensive drugs
Aimed at doing one or more of the following (3)
A
- Reducing cardiac output
- Reducing plasma vol
- Reducing peripheral resistance
2
Q
Major Antihypertensive Drugs
7
A
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin II Blockers
- Direct renin inhibitors (Aliskiren)
- Beta blockers (inhibit renin release)
- Alpha-1 blockers
- Ca channel blockers
3
Q
Diuretics tx
A
- Hypertension
- heart failure
- edema
4
Q
Thiazides
Work on, to
3 ex
Side effects 5
A
- Work on distal tubule to decrease Na/Cl contransport (inhibit)
- Increases Na and fluid loss–> decrease plasma volume
- Ex
- Benzothiazides
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Chlorthalidone
- Side effects
- Hypokalemia (not K sparing)
- Hyponatremia
- Reduce Ca excretion
- Inc plasma uric acid
- Sometimes used to tx nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
5
Q
Loop diuretics
Work on, to
3 ex
4 side effects
A
- Work on ascending loop to decrease Na/K/2Cl cotransport
- Ex
- Furosemide
- Bumetanide
- Torsemide
- Side effects
- Hyponatremia and excessive fluid loss
- Hyperuricemia
- inc Ca excretion
- Tinnitus and hearing loss
6
Q
K sparing diuretics
2 ex
used with
risk of
A
- Amiloride, Triamterene
- Can be used with other diuretics to help prevent K loss and hypokalemia
- risk of hyperkalemia
7
Q
Similar K sparing diuretics
2 ex
Moa
A
- Spironolactone and Eplerenone
- Similar K sparing effects as AMiloridine and Triamterene
- But are true antagonists of aldosterone receptor
8
Q
ACE Inhibitors
4 ex
MoA
A
- Lisinopril
- Enalapril
- Enalaprilat
- Captopril
- Prevent sodium and water resorption by inhibiting aldosterone secretion
- Diuresis results, which decreases plasma preload, or the left ventrcular end-volume, and the work of the heart
9
Q
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
3 ex
Moa
A
- Losartan
- Valsartan
- Candesartan
- POtent vasodilators
- Decrease systemic vascular resistance (afterload)
10
Q
Hypertension Beta blockers
A
- Propranolol
- Pindolol, Nadolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol, Acebutolol, Esmolol
- Block beta-adrenergic receptors–> get dec sympathetic stimulation of heart–> lower cardiac output
- Also inhibit renin release–> less activation of the RAAS pathway
11
Q
Alpha adrenergic Receptor antagonists
3 ex
work on
A
- Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin
- Alpha1 selective to tx hypertension
12
Q
Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists
3 ex
key concept
A
- Clonidine, alpha-Methlydopa, Guanabenz, Guanfacine
- Alpha2 agonists will have the same effect as alpha-1 antagonists
13
Q
Ca channel blockers for hypertension
3 ex
MoA
side effects
A
- Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine and other dihydropyridines
- Block smooth muscle contraction–> vasodilation–> lowers BP
- Side effects
- flushing, headache, hypotension, gingival hyperplasia
14
Q
Other smooth muscle relaxants (vasodilators) for HTN
A
Nitroprusside
Sildenafil
15
Q
HTN Emergency Drugs
5
A
- Rapid vasodilation
- Nitroglycerine
- Nitroprusside
- Hydralazine
- Fenoldopam
- Labetalol
