Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiac > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient has hypertension what are they at major risk for?

A

CHD, heart failure, renal failure, blindness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percent of patients are unaware off their condition of hypertension?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percent of patients being treated for hypertension achieve control of their condition?

A

34%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is hypertension defined?

A

High blood pressure: systolic greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many visits to the health care provider as well as accurate blood pressure measurements need to be taken for someone to be diagnosed with hypertension?

A

Two or more.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is classified as a normal blood pressure?

A

Systolic: less than 120
Diastolic: less than 80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is classified as prehypertension?

A

Systolic: 120-139
Diastolic: 80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is classified as Stage 1 hypertension?

A

Systolic: 140-159
Diastolic: 90-99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is classified as Stage 2 hypertension?

A

Systolic: Greater than or equal to 160
Diastolic: Greater than or equal to 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the percent of adults with hypertension that do not have it under control?

A

54%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What ethnicity’s has the highest rate of hypertension?

A

African Americans and Hispanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is blood pressure described?

A

For exerted against walls of arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is systolic blood pressure described?

A

Highest pressure at peak of ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is diastolic blood pressure described?

A

Lowest pressure exerted during ventricular relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three elements that determine blood pressure?

A

Heart rate, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is stroke volume described?

A

Amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle with each heart beat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is total peripheral resistance described?

A

Resistance of the muscular arteries to the blood being pumped through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false:

The weaker the resistance in the arteries the higher the blood pressure?

A

False:

The greater the resistance the in the arteries the higher the blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What part of the nervous system plays a role in controlling peripheral resistance?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When taking medications that affect the vascular smooth muscles what can occur to the BP?

A

It may lower or raise it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which part of the nervous system affects the arterial blood pressure when stimulation is increased?

A

The sympathetic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Increased activity of this system influences arterial blood pressure.

A

The Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Increased activity of this hormone and its synthetic version influence arteriole blood pressure.

A

Anti-diuretic hormone/ Vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True or False:

The resistance to insulin action does not influence arterial blood pressure.

A

False:

It does affect arterial blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

The hardening of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Plaque accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does the extent of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis influence?

A

Arterial Blood Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What types of changes affect arterial blood pressure in the elderly?

A

Structural and functional changes in the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What percent of hypertension patients are affected by primary hypertension?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What percent of hypertension patients are affected by secondary hypertension?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How is primary hypertension described?

A

Persistently elevated systemic blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Overstimulation of these receptors can result in primary hypertension.

A

Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Altered function of this system can result in primary hypertension.

A

Renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The function of this can result in primary hypertension.

A

Endothelial function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

True or false:

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia can result in primary hypertension?

36
Q

How is secondary hypertension described?

A

Elevated blood pressure from an identified cause.

37
Q

These two disorders can lead to hypertension.

A

Endocrine and neurological disorders

38
Q

When this happens to the aorta this can lead to secondary hypertension.

A

Coarctation

39
Q

How is coarctation of the aorta described?

A

A congenital condition where the aorta is narrow.

40
Q

What disease can lead to secondary hypertension?

A

Kidney disease

41
Q

True or false:

Drug use and pregnancy can lead to secondary hypertension?

42
Q

What is a patients blood pressure during a hypertensive emergency?

A

Systolic: Greater than 180 mm Hg
Diastolic: Greater than 120 mm Hg

43
Q

If a hypertensive emergency is prolonged what organ failure can it lead to?

A

Renal (kidney)

44
Q

What 5 clinical manifestations occur during hypertensive encephalopathy?

A
  • Extremely high BP
  • Altered level of consciousness
  • Increased inter cranial pressure
  • Papilledema
  • Seizures
45
Q

How soon do you need to treat a hypertensive emergency?

A

Within 1 hour

46
Q

What is the name for a hypertensive emergency?

A

Malignant Hypertension

47
Q

What age group is typically affected by Malignant Hypertension?

A

Middle aged and older adults

48
Q

What ethnicity’s have a higher chance of getting Malignant Hypertension?

A

African Americans, Native Americans, and Alaskan Natives.

49
Q

What 3 nonmodifiable risk factors can lead to Malignant Hypertension?

A

Genetic factors, age, race

50
Q

What behavioral modification can be made to lower your risk of Malignant Hypertension?

A

Lowering sodium intake, increasing potassium, calcium and magnesium intake.

51
Q

Obesity, insulin resistance, excess alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and stress are all risk factors of this malignant condition.

A

Malignant hypertension

52
Q

These four organs are affected by untreated hypertension.

A

Heart, brain, kidneys, and retina.

53
Q

Should the nurse take blood pressure from each arm to gain an accurate baseline for a patient with hypertension?

54
Q

What type specimens should the nurse take from a patient with hypertension?

A

Blood and urine

55
Q

What 3 things should to nurse ask when acquiring a health history of a hypertensive patient other than current medications and family history?

A

Headache or neck pain
Heart or renal disease
Diabetes

56
Q

What three things should the nurse pay attention to during the physical examination of a hypertensive patient?

A
  • Vital Signs
  • Peripheral pulses
  • Ophthalmological exam
57
Q

If the diastolic is high what can you assume is going on in the heart?

A

It is working too hard. The diastolic pressure is supposed to be at rest.

58
Q

True or false:
People who are on medication for hypertension and have it under control are still at risk for pressure related damage to their organs?

A

False.
A patient who has controlled hypertension through medication are not at a greater risk that a person who is normotensive.

59
Q

How is peripheral resistance defined?

A

Friction in the arteries as blood flows through the vascular system.

60
Q

The greater the peripheral resistance means what to the BP?

A

A greater BP

61
Q

A higher stroke volume means what to the BP?

A

A higher BP

62
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do and how does it affect a hypertensive patient?

A

They keep angiotensin I from converting to angiotensin II. This keeps their BP under control.

63
Q

How is preload described?

A

The blood going into the heart

64
Q

How is after load described?

A

The blood leaving the heart

65
Q

Should the preload and after load be fairly similar?

66
Q

What is a classic sign that a person may exhibit if they have hypertension?

A

Nocturia- increased urination at night

67
Q

How does salt affect blood pressure?

A

Increased salt intake leads to water retention. This causes edema which increases the blood pressure.

68
Q

This is the reason the target organs are affected by hypertension.

A

increased pressure.

69
Q

How do you take an orthostatic blood pressure?

A

You take the blood pressure of the patient while they are laying down, then while they are sitting with their feet dangling, then while they stand.

70
Q

In terms of retinal changes: what would a patient describe that would make you think they could be hypertensive and why?

A

Eye tiredness and blurry vision. These could be caused by increased pressure on the retina.

71
Q

What are the two clinical manifestations that would suggest a patient has accelerated atherosclerosis?

A

A cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or a myocardial infarction (MI)

72
Q

What 3 lab tests suggest that a patient has renal insufficiency due to hypertension?

A

BUN, creatinine, and renin levels.

73
Q

What is the DASH diet?

A

Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension

74
Q

What is the main goal of a DASH diet?

A

Reduce salt intake

75
Q

If a patient looses this many pounds they could see a BP decrease.

76
Q

Patient with hypertension should not have more than how many ounces or drinks of alcohol per day?

A

1 oz ethanol or 2 drinks per day

77
Q

True or false:

Women with hypertension can consume more alcohol than men.

A

False:

They should consume less.

78
Q

Why should patients with hypertension not smoke?

A

It causes poor circulation and can lead to heart disease.

79
Q

What are the four behavioral and mind-body therapies a patient can use to reduce stress?

A
  • Yoga
  • Tai chi
  • Meditation
  • Guided imagery
80
Q

What is the usual initial treatment for a patient with hypertension?

A

Thiazide diuretic

81
Q

What type of dose is given to a patient who is initially diagnosed with hypertension and what do they do to it if the targeted blood pressure goal is not reached?

A

A low dose is initiated and gradually increased until the goal is met.

82
Q

True or false:

After a patient begins blood pressure medication they can revert to their old lifestyle habits?

A

False:

Lifestyle changes initiated to control blood pressure must be maintained.

83
Q

Increased urine output does what to blood pressure?

A

It decreases blood pressure.

84
Q

What is the nurse’s main goal when treating a patient with hypertension?

A

To promote health maintenance

85
Q

What are the three type of logs a patient should maintain while trying to reduce their hypertension?

A

BP checks with log, daily weight log, food log

86
Q

Why would you choose a monotherapy for an elderly patient?

A

To simplify the medication regimen and make it less expensive.

87
Q

What do you need to make sure the elderly patient can understand and do in terms of their medication regimen?

A

That they understand the regimen, they can see and read the instructions, open the medication containers and get their prescriptions refilled.

Cardiac (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions