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Cardiac > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 classes of diuretics?

A
  • Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
  • Loop Diuretics
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
  • Potassium- Sparing Diuretics
  • Osmotic Diuretics
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2
Q

What do diuretic agents increase?

A

Increase:

  • The amount of urine produced by the kidneys
  • Sodium excretion
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3
Q

What are the indications that diuretics need to be used?

A
  • Edema associated with CHF
  • Acute pulmonary edema
  • Liver disease (including cirrhosis)
  • Renal disease
  • Hypertension
  • Conditions that cause hyperkalemia
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4
Q

What is the prototype for thiazide and thiazide like diuretics?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

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5
Q

When should a prescriber use caution when prescribing thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A
  • Gout
  • Systemic lupus
  • Diabetes
  • Hyperparathyroidism
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6
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A
  • Related to interference with the normal regulatory mechanisms of the nephron
  • Hypokalemia
  • Lithium
  • Altered blood glucose levels
  • Urine will be slightly alkalinized
  • Decreased calcium excretion
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7
Q

What drugs interact with thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A
  • Cholestyramine or colestipol
  • Digoxin
  • Antidiabetic agents
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8
Q 
What is the action of thiazide diuretics?
A. Blocks the chloride pump
B. Blocks the sodium pump
C. Blocks the potassium pump
D. Blocks the carbonic anhydrase pump
A

A. Blocks the chloride pump

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9
Q

What do loop diuretics do?

A

Block the chloride pump in the ascending loop of Henle causing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride

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10
Q

What are the indications for the use of loop diuretics?

A
  • Acute CHF
  • Acute pulmonary edema
  • Edema associated with CHF
  • Edma associated with renal or liver disease
  • Hypertension
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11
Q

What are the contraindications for use of loop diuretics?

A
  • Electrolyte depletion
  • Anuria
  • Severe renal failure
  • Hepatic coma
  • Pregnancy and lactation
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12
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?

A
  • Related to the imbalance in electrolytes and fluid
  • Hypokalemia
  • Alkalosis
  • Hypocalcemia
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13
Q

When should a prescriber use caution when prescribing loop diuretics?

A
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Gout
  • Diabetes Mellitus
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14
Q

What drugs interact with loop diuretics?

A
  • Aminoglycosides or cisplatine
  • Anticoagulation
  • Indomethacin, ibuprofen, salicylate, or NSAIDs
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15
Q

What is the prototype drug for loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide

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16
Q

What is the indication that a patient should be prescribed furosemide?

A

They need treatment of edema associated with heart failure, acute pulmonary edema, hypertension

17
Q

How are potassium-sparing diuretics described?

A

They are not as powerful as loop diuretics, but they retain potassium instead of wasting it.

18
Q

What do potassium-sparing diuretics do?

A

They cause a loss of sodium while retaining potassium; blocking the actions of aldosterone in the distal tubule.

19
Q

What are the indications that potassium-sparing diuretics should be prescribed?

A

The patient is at risk for hypokalemia. They need a drug to be used in adjunction with thiazide or loop diuretics.

20
Q

What are the contraindications for prescribing potassium-sparing diuretics?

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Renal disease
  • Anuria
  • Patients taking amiloride or triamterene
21
Q

What is the adverse effect associated with potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalemia

22
Q

What drug interacts with potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Salicylates

23
Q

What is the prototype for potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Spironolactone

24
Q

True or False:

The loop diuretics cause the body to excrete a copious amount of potassium-rich urine.

A

False:

They result in a production of copious amount of sodium-rich urine.

25
Q

What do osmotic diuretics do?

A

Pull water into the renal tubule without sodium loss

26
Q

When is it indicated for a patient to take osmotic diuretics?

A
  • Increased cranial pressure
  • Acute renal failure due to shock
  • Drug overdose
  • Trauma
27
Q

What are the contraindications when prescribing osmotic diuretics?

A

-Renal disease and anuria
-Pulmonary congestion
-Intracranial bleeding
Dehydration
CHF

28
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with osmotic diuretics?

A
  • Related to sudden drop in fluid levels
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Hypotension
  • Light-headedness
  • Confusion
  • Headache
29
Q

What is the prototype for osmotic diuretics?

A

Mannitol

Cardiac (13 decks)

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