Hypertension

Question 1

Cause of secondary hypertension

Answer 1

Renal disease, obesity, pregnancy, endocrine (aldosteronism)

Question 2

Complications of hypertension

Answer 2

Ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular incident, hypertensive retinopathy, hypertensive nephropathy, heart failure

Question 3

Reading for stage 1 hypertension

Answer 3

> 140/90 clinic, >135/85 home

Question 4

Readings for stage 2 hypertension

Answer 4

> 160/100 clinic, >150/95

Question 5

Readings for stage 3 hypertension

Answer 5

> 180/120 clinic

Question 6

Tests for new diagnosis of HTN

Answer 6

Urine albumin:creatinine ratio, HbA1c, renal function, lipids, fundus examination and ECG

Question 7

Medication control for HTN (ABCD)

Answer 7

ACEI, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, thiazide like diuretic

Question 8

Another option in place of ACEI

Answer 8

ARB such as candesartan

Question 9

Eg of ACEI

Answer 9

Ramipril 1.25mg up to 10mg

Question 10

Eg of beta blocker

Answer 10

Bisoprolol 5mg up to 20mg

Question 11

Eg of calcium channel blocker

Answer 11

Amlodipine 5mg up to 10mg

Question 12

Eg of thiazide like diuretic

Answer 12

Indapmide 2.5mg

Question 13

What changes to medication need to be made if a patient is African or Afro-Caribbean descent

Answer 13

Use ARB instead of ACEI

Question 14

What drug to add if potassium is less than or equal to 4.5mmol/L

Answer 14

Consider a potassium sparing diuretic such as spironolactone

Question 15

What drug to add if potassium is more than 4.5mmol/L

Answer 15

Consider an alpha blocker such as doxazosin, or a beta blocker such as atenolol