Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
Three things an atherosclerotic plaque can cause
Stiffening leading to HTN, stenosis leading to angina, plaque rupture leading to ACS
Modifiable risk factors
Smoking, alcohol, poor diet, low exercise, obesity, poor sleep, stress
Non-modifiable risk factors
Older age, family history, male
Medical co-morbidities which increase risk of atherosclerosis
Diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory conditions such as RA and atypical antipsychotic medications
End results of atherosclerosis
Angina, MI, TIAs, stroke, PVD, mesenteric ischaemia
What is the Q risk 3 score?
Risk that a patient will have a stroke or MI in the next 10 years.
What is the guidance with a Q risk 3 score
If above 10% then offer a statin
Secondary prevention measures of CVD
Aspirin - and second antiplatelet (Clopidogrel) for 12 months
Atorvastatin 80mg
Atenolol (or beta blocker)
ACEI (ramipril)
Side effects of statins
Myopathy - check creatine kinase in pts with muscle pain or weakness.
T2DM
Haemorrhagic stroke (very rare)
Causes of contributors of Peripehral vasc disease
Atherosclerosis and blood vessel spasms, smoking, high BP, diabetes and high cholesterol
Signs of PVD
Legs, arms, and feet show reduced hair growth, turn reddish/blue, pale, thin, weak pulse, wounds or ulcers, cramps, thick or opaque nails, muscles are numb or heavy and most commonly claudication
Diagnosis of PVD
Doppler US, ankle brachial index, angiography, MRA, CTA
Treatment to increase blood flow
Cilostazol or pentoxifylline
Treatment to reduce clotting
Clopidogrel or aspirin
Treatment to lower cholesterol
Atorvastatin or simvastatin
