Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > Anti-coagulants > Flashcards

Anti-coagulants Flashcards

1
Q

What does Vitamin K do

A

It is an essential vitamin for the functioning of clotting factors in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does warfarin do

A

Antagonises vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the prothrombin time

A

Time it takes for blood to clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does warfarin do to the prothrombin time

A

Increases the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the INR measure

A

How anticoagulated a patient is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What enzyme is warfarin affected by

A

cytochrome P450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who is warfarin the anticoagulant of choice for

A

Patients with mechanical heart valves, valvular AF and end stage renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which clotting factors does vitamin K synthesise

A

II, IV, IX, X and proteins C and S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do DOACs inhibit

A

Single blood clotting factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does Dabigatran inhibit

A

Thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Rivaroxaban inhibit

A

Activated factor Xa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Apixaban inhibit

A

Activated factor Xa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Edoxaban inhibit

A

Activated factor Xa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indications for warfarin

A

Treatment of VTE, AF, rheumatic heart disease, mechanical heart valves, mitral valve disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contraindications for warfarin

A

malignancy, hypersensitivity to warfarin, haemorrhagic stroke, clinically significant bleeding, potential bleeding lesions, uncorrected major bleeding diathesis, pregnancy, uncontrolled severe HTN, drugs which increase risk of bleeding, some patient factors (falls)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long before major surgery must warfarin be stopped

A

72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which anticoagulant is used in patients with malignancy

A

Heparin or DOAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common side effect of warfarin

A

Easy bruising, epistaxis, bleeding for longer with simple wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Life threatening bleeding to watch out for when on anti coags

A

Prolonged epistaxis, haematemesis, haematochezua, melaena, haemoptysis, haematuria, menorrhagia

20
Q

Side effects of warfarin

A

Hypersensitivity, rash, alopecia and haemorrhage

21
Q

What is the benefit of warfarin over DOACs

A

Warfarin can be easily reversed

22
Q

Ways to reverse the effects of warfarin

A

Withholding warfarin.
Vitamin K oral or IV.
Prothrombin complex concentrate.

23
Q

Drugs which decrease the amount of active warfarin

A

alcohol, allopurinol, paracetemol, SSRIs, lipid-regulating drugs, influenza vaccine

24
Q

Drugs which increase the amount of active warfarin

A

oral contraceptives and st johns wort

25
Q

Diet interactions with warfarin

A

Foods high in vitamin K such leafy green veg, and cranberries

26
Q

Advantages of DOACs over warfarin

A

No monitoring, no major interactions, slightly less risk of bleeding, slightly better at preventing strokes in AF

27
Q

Examples of DOACs

A

Apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran

28
Q

What does the CHA2DS2-VASc score assess

A

Whether a patient with AF should be started on anticoagulation

29
Q

What does the CHA2DS2-VASc score stand for

A

Congestive HF
Hypertension
Age >75 scores 2
Diabetes
Stroke or TIA prev scores 2
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex female

30
Q

the CHA2DS2-VASc score to offer anticoagulation

A

> 1

31
Q

What is the orbit tool

A

Assessing a patients risk of major bleeding whilst on anticoagulation

32
Q

What does the orbit score use to calculate risk

A

Low haemoglobin
Age above 75
Prev bleeding
Renal function
Antiplatelet medications

33
Q

What is the HAS-BLED score

A

Assesses the risk of major bleeding whilst on anticoagulation

34
Q

What does HASBLED stand for

A

Hypertension, Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile INRs, Elderly, Drugs or alcohol

35
Q

Which anticoagulant needs monitoring

A

Unfractioned heparin and warfarin

36
Q

INR for prophylaxis of DVT

A

2-2.5

37
Q

INR for treatment of DVT

A

2.5-3.5

38
Q

INR for recurrent DVT

A

3.5

39
Q

Risk of unfractioned heparin

A

Haemorrhage, HIT, osteroporosis

40
Q

Risk of LMWH

A

Less risk of HIT and osteoporosis, not reversed by protamine

41
Q

Things which increase activity of warfarin

A

Alcohol, cimetidine

42
Q

Things which decrease activity of warfarin

A

Phenytoin, phenobarbitone

43
Q

Eg of oligosacharide

A

Fondoparinux

44
Q

Eg of thrombin inhibitor

A

Lepirudin and dabigatran

45
Q

Eg of factor X inhibitor

A

Rivaroxiban

Cardiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions