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Pathology > Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy > Flashcards

Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in the size of a cell, or increase in the size of a tissue

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2
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in the number of cells in a tissue

- often both hypertrophy and hyperplasia are present

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3
Q

What are the 3 causes for hypertrophy/hyperplasia?

A
  • increased demand
  • endocrine stimulation
  • nutrition
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4
Q

Increased cell activity leads to _______

A

Proliferation of organelles and/or cell division until a new balance is reached

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5
Q

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia are _____ in many cases

A

Beneficial

  • lymphoid hyperplasia
  • persistent change in the environment leads to overcompensation = harmful effects
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6
Q

Physiologic

A
  • hormonal: maturity/development

- compensatory: liver resection

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7
Q

Pathologic

A
  • chronic irritation
  • endocrine
  • virus induced
  • increased bloodflow
  • nodular hyperplasia
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8
Q

Hypertrophy can occur in _____

A

Any tissue

  • size/number of organelles increase
  • physiologic or pathologic (cardiac hypertrophy)
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9
Q

5 causes/effects of hypertrophy

A
  • increased workload
  • endocrine stimulation
  • thyroid (anabolic effect)
  • adrenal (cortisol excess)
  • estrogens - uterine/mammary development
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10
Q

Increased workload

A

Enlarged hearts and muscle mass in athletic animals

  • myofilaments increase in length and number (resistance), mitochondria increase (endurance)
  • kidney hypertrophy when the other is removed
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11
Q

What is an example of thyroid hypertrophy?

A

Hyperthyroidism in cats

- cardiac hypertrophy

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12
Q

What is an example of adrenal hypertrophy?

A

Hepatocyte hyperplasia = steroid hepatopathy

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13
Q

Nodular gingival hyperplasia

A

Reaction to chronic inflammation

- inherited in Boxers, Swedish silver foxes

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14
Q

Canine prostate can develop ______

A

Benign hyperplasia

- testosterone dependent

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15
Q

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia

A

Occurs in horse uterus

- hypertrophy of gland cells

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16
Q

Lmyphocystis disease is an example of _____

A

Hypertrophy

- iridovirus infection of dermal fibroblasts

17
Q

Canine papillomavirus is an example of _____

A

Hyperplasia

- grows on any mucosal surface

18
Q

Characteristics of hyperplasia

A
  • definite structures
  • increased cells
  • well differentiated
19
Q

Hyperplasia in the bone marrow

A
  • enteritis, blood loss
  • erythroid
  • myeloid
20
Q

Thyroid

A
  • expansile nodules
  • well differentiated cells
  • colloid filled follicles
  • hypertrophy and hyperplasia
21
Q

Iodine deficiency

A

Occurs in goats, presented as large thyroids bilaterally

  • goiter
  • hypertrophy and hyperplasia
22
Q

Hyperthyroidism in the cat

A

Chronic renal disease –> retained phosphorus –> increased FGF23 –> reduced calcitriol –> increase PTH synthesis –> parathyroid hypertrophy and hyperplasia

23
Q

Fibrous osteodystrophy

A
  • diet high in phosphorous (wheat bran)
  • loss of maxillary/mandibular bone
  • reactive fibroblast hyperplasia and connective tissue production
24
Q

Hypertrophic osteopathy

A

Increased bloodflow due to hyperplasia

- will often see chronic process in the chest cavity

25
Q

Nodular hyperplasia

A

Bulging pale tan/yellow nodules in the liver
- friable, glycogen and lipid
- not associated with hepatocellular dysfunction!
Also occurs in the pancreas

26
Q

Nodules in the spleen

A
  • hyperplastic white pulp and dilated red pulp sinuses
  • can lead to hematomas
  • marginal sidero-calcific plaques
27
Q

Hyperplastic nodules in the spleen

A
  • excessive white pulp
  • expansile margin
  • unencapsulated
28
Q

Splenic hematomas

A

Bleeding from

  • hyperplastic nodule
  • hemangiosarcoma
29
Q

Nodular cortical hyperplasia in the adrenal gland of horses is often _____

A

Incidental

30
Q

Eimeria stiedae causes _____

A

Hyperplasia of biliary epithelium in the rabbit

  • finger like projections of biliary epithelium
  • many coccidian stages within epithelial cells
  • cholestasis
  • atrophy of surrounding tissues
31
Q

Recurrent choke in horses due to ______

A

Muscular hypertrophy

- diverticula

32
Q

Which condition in cats causes myofiber disarray?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

- also causes fibrosis

33
Q

Polyploidy is found in

A

Horse livers due to chronic toxicosis (pyrrolizidine alkaloids)

  • hypertrophy
  • megalocytes, necrosis, fibrosis (hepatic atrophy)

Pathology (19 decks)

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