Hyperglyceamic Hyperosmolar Syndrome Flashcards
1
Q
What is HHS?
A
high blood glucose due to low insulin precipitated by high sugar intake
2
Q
What is the difference between HHS and DKA?
A
no ketoacidosis in HHS
3
Q
What are the risk factors for HHS?
A
older patients young afrocarribeans can be triggered by steroids and thiazide diuretics fizzy drinks T1DM and T2DM
4
Q
What are the biochemical signs to make a diagnosis of HHS?
A
hypovoleamia hyperglycaemia >30mmol/L bicarbonate >15mmol/L venous pH <7.3 osmolarity >320 mild ketoneamia <3mmol/L high sodium
5
Q
What is the typical presentation of HHS?
A
leg cramps
vision problems
confusion
dehydration
6
Q
What is the osmolarity equation?
A
2 x [Na]
7
Q
What is the treatment for HHS?
A
Diet
LMWH
IV insulin
0.9% saline IV
8
Q
Describe the diagnostic criteria for alcohol induced ketoacidosis?
A
ketonaemia >3mmol/L
bicarbonate >15mmol/L
ketonuria >2
venous pH <7.3
9
Q
What is the treatment for alcohol induced ketoacidosis?
A
IV pabrinex - vitmamins
IV fluids - dextrose (dont give dextrose first)
IV antiemetics
Insulin
10
Q
Describe metabolic syndrome/syndrome X?
A
central obesity >30 plus 2 of: triglycerides > 1.7mmol/L BP > 130/85 - HYPERTENSION HDL < 1.03/1.29 fasting glucose >5.6 T2DM
