Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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2
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A

infundibulum

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3
Q

Where is the anterior pituitary lobe derived from?

A

Rathke’s pouch

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4
Q

Where is the posterior pituitary lobe derived from?

A

forebrain

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5
Q

What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary lobe?

A
GH
TSH
LH
FSH
ATCH
PRL
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6
Q

What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe?

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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7
Q

Where can the pituitary gand be found?

A

in the midline of the pituitary fossa in the spenoid bone

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8
Q

Where does the pituitary fossa lie?

A

in the sella turcica

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9
Q

What is the role of dura matter?

A

protects the structures of the cranial cavity

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10
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

a tough sheet of dura matter over the cerebrellum within the posterior cranial fossa

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11
Q

What connects the right and left lobe of the thyroid gland?

A

isthmus

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12
Q

Where does the isthmus lie?

A

anterior to the 2nd and 3rd cartilages of the trachea

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13
Q

What is the arterial supply to the parathyroid glands?

A

inferior thyroid arteries

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14
Q

What is a pyramidal lobe?

A

embrylogical remnant
29-55% prevalence
originates from the left lateral lobe and attatches superiorly to the thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

What is the role of the platysma muscles? What nerve supplies it?

A

thin muscle very superficial to the neck that makes a grimcing facial expression
CN VII - facial

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16
Q

What is the thyroid arterial supply?

A

superior and inferior artery

17
Q

What is the thyroid venous supply?

A

superior, middle and inferior artery

18
Q

What is the arterial supply to the anterior pituitary gland?

A

superior hypophyseal artery

19
Q

What is the venous supply to the anterior pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

20
Q

What are the arterial supplies to the posterior pituitary gland?

A

superior hypophyseal artery
infundibular artery
inferior hypophyseal artery

21
Q

Is the thyroid gland bigger in males or females?

22
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?

A

superior and middle thyroid vein –> internal jugular vein

inferior thyroid vein –> brachiocephallic vein

23
Q

What 3 cells make up the thyroid gland?

A

colloids
parafollicular C cells
follicles

24
Q

Describe colloids?

A

tyrosine containing thyroglobulin filled spheres

25
What do parafollicular c cells secrete?
calcitonin
26
What chemical does calcitonin lower?
Ca
27
What is the role of follicles?
store thyroid hormones surround colloids dense amorphic pink cells containing thyroglobulin
28
What cell synthesises T3 and T4?
follicular cells
29
What is needed for the synthesis of T3 and T4?
iodine