hypercalcaemia Flashcards
1
Q
Aetiology of hypercalcaemia (90% of cases) (2)
A
90%:
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Malignancy: bone mets, myeloma, PTHrP, lymphoma
2
Q
ECG in hypercalcaemia
A
Short QTc
normal is 350 to 450 ms.
3
Q
Drugs that can cause hypercalcaemia (4)
A
- Thazides
- Diuretics
- Lithium - common in bipolar
- Excessive Vit D or A intake
4
Q
How does hypercalcaemia affect muscles
A
Low muscle tone and contractions as Ca2+ inhibits fast Na+ influx
5
Q
Other causes of hypercalcaemia (other than top 90%) (4)
A
- Multiple myeloma
- Granulomatous diseases (eg: TB and sarcoidosis)
- Dehydration
- Drugs
6
Q
Treatment of hypercalcaemia (3)
A
- Aggressive IV fluids
- Consider IV bisphosphonates if no response
- Treat underlying cause
7
Q
Symptoms of hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism (5)
A
- Bones - excess resorption, osteopenia
- Stones - kidney
- Groans - abdominal pain, constipation
- Psychedelic moans - confusion, depression, anxiety
- Thrones - polyuria and polydipsia
8
Q
What happens to PTH in hypercalcaemia
A
It will decrease due to negative feedback
(except in hyperparathyroidism)
