[🧪] Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two ways for dehydration of alcohols into alkenes?

A
  1. dehydration using heated Al₂O₃ catalyst
  2. dehydration using concentrated H₂SO₄

Production of alkenes

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2
Q

Define

cracking

14 Hydrocarbons

A

the breaking down of large chain alkanes into smaller chain alkanes and alkenes

14 Hydrocarbons

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3
Q

General equation for dehydration of alcohols to alkenes

A

CnH2n+1OH → CnH2n + H₂O

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4
Q

Significance of alkenes’ π bonds

A
  • it’s an area of high electron density
  • pi electrons make the molecule more susceptible to attacks by e- deficient groups like electrophiles
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5
Q

Define

electrophile

A

a species that is deficient in electrons

eg: positive ions (H+ in HCl)

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6
Q

Define

electrophillic addition

A

the addition of an electrophile to a double bond

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7
Q

3 methods of producing alkenes

A
  • cracking of long chain hydrocarbons (Al₂O₃ catalyst and high temperature)
  • dehydration of alcohols (heated Al₂O₃ catalyst / concentrated H₂SO₄)
  • elimination of halogenoalkane (ethanollic NaOH and heat)
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8
Q

Elimination reaction of halogenoalkane to form alkene

A

R—X + NaOH → Alkene + H₂O + NaX

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9
Q

What is the mechanism for
halogenation of alkanes

A

free-radical substitution

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10
Q

Define

functional group

A

an atom or a group of atoms in an organic molecule, which determines the physical and chemical properties of the molecule

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